module two: chapter two: atoms, ions and compounds Flashcards
what is the nucleus made up of?
protons, neutrons
how are electrons arranged?
shells
what is the charge and mass of a proton?
1+
1
what is the charge and mass of a neutron?
0
1
what is the charge and mass of an electron?
1-
1/1836
what is the charge of an atom?
0, positive charge of protons is cancelled out by negative charge from electrons
what are isotopes?
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
what is a cation?
positive ion, atoms with fewer electrons than protons
what is an anion?
negative ions, atoms with more electrons than protons
what is relative isotopic mass?
mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
what is relative atomic mass??
weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12.
how does a mass spectrometer work?
- a sample is placed in the mass spectrometer,
- the sample is vaporised and ionised to form positive ions,
- the ions are accelerated, heavier ions move slower and more difficult to deflect than lighter ions
- the ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a m/z ratio, each ion reaching the detector adds to the signal, so the greater the abundance, the larger the signal.
what charge is group 1?
1+
what charge is group 2?
2+
what charge is group 3?
3+
