module two: chapter five: elecrons and bonding

Question 1

what is an atomic orbital?

Answer 1

region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 2

s orbital?

Answer 2

shape of a sphere

Question 3

p orbital?

Answer 3

shape of a dumb bell, 3 orbitals at right angles of each other

Question 4

d orbital?

Answer 4

five orbitals

Question 5

f orbital?

Answer 5

seven orbitals

Question 6

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 6

electrostatic attraction between cations and anions

Question 7

what is a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 7

result of billions of ions coming together from all directions

Question 8

why are ionic compounds solid at room temp?

Answer 8

insufficient energy to overcome strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions in giant ionic lattice- so they have high melting and boiling points to have a higher energy

Question 9

why do ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents?

Answer 9

polar water molecules break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution

Question 10

why does an ionic compound not conduct electricity in a solid?

Answer 10

ions are fixed so no mobile charge carriers

Question 11

why does an ionic compound conduct electricity in water?

Answer 11

ionic lattice breaks down, ions are free to move

Question 12

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 12

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 13

what is a dative bond?

Answer 13

the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only, the shared pair was originally a lone pair