Module II Pocket Dentistry Flashcards
Aphasia, apraxia, and dysarthria are examples of ________ disabilities.
A. communication
B. developmental
C. cognitive
D. sensory
E. nervous system
A. communication
Communication disabilities are those related to neurological brain damage that disturbs language and speech development. Aphasia is inability to put thoughts into words or to understand language; apraxia is inability to form speech sounds; and dysarthria results in slurred speech patterns.
2 Patients who can bathe, feed, and dress themselves but may need to be reminded to brush their teeth and hair are considered _________ functioning.
A. high
B. moderate
C. low
D. not
A. high
Assessment of functional levels is from high (requires little assistance with ADLs) to low (caretaker provides MOST or all ADLs). High-functioning patient can bathe, dress, eat, communicate, ambulate well enough to function with ONLY minimal assistance. Patient may require reminders to perform tasks.
3 When discussing homecare procedures with the mildly mentally retarded individual,
A. speak directly to the caregiver.
B. use simple demonstrations.
C. send home printed materials.
D. discuss the risk of periodontitis.
B. use simple demonstrations.
When discussing homecare procedures with a mildly intellectually disabled (mentally retarded) individual, make sure to use simple and demonstrable instructions. Include caregiver so that the caregiver can repeat the instructions as needed. Sending home printed materials and discussing risks for periodontal disease may be beneficial to the caregiver but are NOT appropriate for educating the patient.
4 The patient with cerebral palsy is likely to have difficulty with all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Controlling movement
B. Communicating
C. Caries risk
D. Oral hygiene
E. Comprehension
E. Comprehension
Individuals with cerebral palsy typically are able to comprehend instructions; LESS than half are mentally retarded (intellectually disabled) and in need of simpler instructions. Have difficulty with motor control, speaking, performing homecare procedures, which often results in increased caries risk.
5 When treating a patient with autism,
A. use nonverbal instructions.
B. follow a consistent routine.
C. speak in a louder tone of voice.
D. schedule longer visits.
B. follow a consistent routine.
MOST patients with autism prefer routine and familiar procedures and surroundings. Instructions should be BOTH nonverbal and verbal and kept simple. Tone and loudness of the voice SHOULD be normal. Shorter dental visits are preferred.
6 The inability to properly form speech sounds is termed
A. apraxia.
B. aphasia.
C. dysarthria.
D. ataxia.
A. apraxia.
Apraxia is inability to properly form speech sounds. Aphasia is inability to understand language or put thoughts into words, and dysarthria is slurring of speech patterns. All are considered communication disorders. Ataxia is NOT a communication disorder but is a motor disorder that affects ambulation.
7 When providing oral healthcare instructions to a visually impaired individual, it is MOST important to
A. talk more loudly.
B. speak more slowly.
C. face the patient.
D. use visual aids.
C. face the patient.
Always face a visually impaired patient when providing oral healthcare instructions to individual. Speaking more loudly or more slowly is MORE appropriate for dealing with hearing impairment. Visual aids may be used but MUST be enlarged to be of benefit.
8 All of the following are oral manifestations associated with arthritis, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Angular cheilitis
B. Gingival bleeding
C. Oral infections
D. TMJ discomfort
A. Angular cheilitis
Gingival bleeding and oral infections are associated with drugs that are used to treat arthritis. TMJ discomfort occurs when the disease has affected the joint; may even be associated with TMD, disorder of the joint. Angular cheilitis is associated with denture wearing, malnutrition, and candidal infection but NOT with arthritis.
9 Which one of the following adaptive aids would MOST benefit the patient with arthritic joints of the hands?
A. Extended-handle toothbrush
B. Textured-handle toothbrush
C. Enlarged-handle toothbrush
D. Curved-handle toothbrush
C. Enlarged-handle toothbrush
Toothbrush with larger handle would be MORE beneficial for patient with arthritic joints of the hands. Many arthritics have difficulty with grip strength. Larger brush handle would allow greater control. Extended-handle toothbrush is unnecessary unless the patient has difficulty raising the arms. Textured-handle toothbrush is helpful to prevent slipping but ONLY if on a larger handle that improves the gripping ability of the arthritic. Curved-handle toothbrush is appropriate for reaching molar areas for patients with limited arm movement.
10 Which of the following is noted with a cerebrovascular accident?
A. Sudden loss of blood flow to the heart
B. Caused by restriction in or rupture of a blood vessel
C. Often preceded by rheumatic heart disease
D. Requires NO modification of dental procedures after incident
B. Caused by restriction in or rupture of a blood vessel
Restriction in or rupture of a blood vessel causes cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke). Involves sudden loss of blood flow to the brain, NOT to the heart. NOT associated with rheumatic heart disease, and often preceded by underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, drug abuse, or atherosclerosis. Medical consult with patient’s primary care physician is important because some modification of dental procedures may be necessary, particularly within the 4 to 6 weeks after the incident, since there may need to be a delay of emergency and elective dental care.
11 Patients who have suffered spinal cord injuries may have difficulty performing oral care. When teaching oral healthcare measures, the clinician should emphasize
A. self-care.
B. proper nutrition.
C. good oral hygiene.
D. caregiver assistance.
A. self-care.
Patients who have suffered spinal cord injury should be taught oral self-care. Depression and low self-esteem often accompany this disorder. Use of adaptive aids, powered toothbrushes, and oral irrigators gives patients some control over their own care. Discussion of proper nutrition and good oral hygiene also is important. When necessary, caregiver can offer assistance to the disabled patient.
12 The level of paralysis or dysfunction associated with a spinal cord injury is MOST closely related to the
A. type of traumatic injury.
B. severity of traumatic injury.
C. location of the traumatic injury.
D. cause of traumatic injury.
C. location of the traumatic injury.
Location of traumatic injury to the spine is MOST closely related to the degree of paralysis or dysfunction associated with the spinal cord injury. Type, severity, cause of injury influence injury in location (vertebral level).
13 Which of the following statements regarding the patient with Alzheimer’s disease is CORRECT?
A. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that tends to affect the oldest of the old.
B. Patients are confused by change and prefer quiet surroundings.
C. A single long appointment is preferable to several short appointments.
D. Most patients can take care of their oral health needs without the assistance of a caregiver.
B. Patients are confused by change and prefer quiet surroundings.
Alzheimer’s disease, form of dementia, often affects individuals in their middle-to-later years. Individuals often are confused by change and prefer quiet surroundings. For this reason, shorter, MORE frequent appointments are preferable to single, longer appointments. Appointments should be relaxed and involve familiar routines. Oral healthcare instructions should be repetitious and simple. During the early stages of disease, MOST patients can take care of own oral health needs with just a reminder from caregiver. During later stages, caregiver will need to take over MORE of care.
14 The disease that affects the myelin sheath and results in fatigue and numbness is
A. muscular dystrophy.
B. multiple sclerosis.
C. Parkinson’s disease.
D. Bell’s palsy.
E. myasthenia gravis.
B. multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis (MD) affects myelin sheath and results in fatigue and numbness. Inherited disease in which muscles atrophy and death may result. Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Parkinson’s disease are disorders of the nervous system. Bell’s palsy is a disease involving facial paralysis and typically is of unknown cause, although any trauma to the facial nerve may result in this paralysis.
15 All of the following disorders may result in facial paralysis, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Alzheimer’s disease
C. Bell’s palsy
D. Myasthenia gravis
B. Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease affects cognition and is NOT associated with paralysis. Multiple sclerosis, Bell’s palsy, and myasthenia gravis are disorders that may result in facial paralysis.
