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chemistry > module four: core organic chemistry > Flashcards

module four: core organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain

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2
Q

alicyclic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbons arranged in non aromatic rings with or without side chains

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3
Q

aromatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring

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4
Q

suffix of alkane

A

-ane

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5
Q

suffix of alkene

A

-ene

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6
Q

suffix of alcohol

A

-ol

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7
Q

suffix of aldehyde

A

-al

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8
Q

suffix of ketone

A

-one

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9
Q

suffix of carboxylic acid

A

-oic acid

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10
Q

suffix of ester

A

-oate

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11
Q

suffix of acyl chloride

A

-oyl chloride

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12
Q

suffix of amine

A

-amine

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13
Q

suffix of nitrile

A

-nitrile

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14
Q

general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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15
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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17
Q

general formula for carboxylic acids

A

CnH2nO2

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18
Q

general formula for ketones

A

CnH2nO

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19
Q

displayed formula

A

shows relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

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20
Q

structural formula

A

smallest amount of detail
shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule
clearly shows which groups are bonded together

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21
Q

skeletal formula

A

simplified organic formula
carbon skeleton and functional groups
single line = single bond

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22
Q

saturated

A

organic compounds which only contain single bonds

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23
Q

unsaturated compounds

A

organic compounds that contain at least one C=C double covalent bond

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24
Q

structural isomerism

A

when molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

25
stereoisomers
organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space
26
E-isomer
the higher priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond
27
Z- isomer
the higher priority groups are on the same side of the double bond
28
what gives the atom a higher priority
higher atomic number = higher priority
29
homolytic fission
when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonding pair, forming two radicals
30
heterolytic fission
when one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pair
31
what do full-headed curly arrows show
direction of movement of a **pair** of a electrons
32
what do half-headed curly arrows show
direction of movement of a **single, unpaired** electron
33
are alkanes polar or non polar? why?
non-polar carbon and hydrogen have very similar electronegativities
34
shape and bond angle of an alkane
tetrahedral 109.5
35
homologous series
a family of compounds that have similar chemical properties and only differ by a CH2 group
36
functional group
a group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound
37
addition reaction
two reactants join together to form one product
38
substitution reaction
an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
39
elimination reaction
the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
40
angle and shape of a double bond
trigonal planar 120
41
more reactive - alkenes or alkanes
alkenes high electron density of double bond pi-bond is slightly easier to break
42
alkene to haloalkane requirements
hydrogen halide
43
alkene to alkane requirements
hydrogen Ni catalyst
44
alkene to alcohol requirements
H2O (gas) - steam H3PO4 - phosphoric acid
45
haloalkane to alcohol requirements
NaOH (aq) reflux
46
alcohol to haloalkane requirements
sodium halide H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
47
primary alcohol to carboxylic acid requirements
potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7 sulfuric acid - H2SO4 reflux
48
primary alcohol to aldehyde requirements
potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7 sulfuric acid - H2SO4 reflux then distillation
49
secondary alcohol to ketone requirements
potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7 sulfuric acid - H2SO4 reflux
50
functional group of alkene
C=C
51
functional group of alcohol
-OH
52
functional group of haloalkane
-Br -Cl -I
53
functional group of aldehyde
54
functional group of a ketone
55
functional group of a carboxylic acid
56
functional group of an ester
57
functional group of an amine
-NH2
58
functional group of an acyl chloride
59
functional group of nitrile
-CN

chemistry (6 decks)

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