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chemistry > module four: core organic chemistry > Flashcards

module four: core organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain

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2
Q

alicyclic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbons arranged in non aromatic rings with or without side chains

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3
Q

aromatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring

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4
Q

suffix of alkane

A

-ane

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5
Q

suffix of alkene

A

-ene

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6
Q

suffix of alcohol

A

-ol

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7
Q

suffix of aldehyde

A

-al

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8
Q

suffix of ketone

A

-one

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9
Q

suffix of carboxylic acid

A

-oic acid

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10
Q

suffix of ester

A

-oate

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11
Q

suffix of acyl chloride

A

-oyl chloride

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12
Q

suffix of amine

A

-amine

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13
Q

suffix of nitrile

A

-nitrile

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14
Q

general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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15
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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16
Q

general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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17
Q

general formula for carboxylic acids

A

CnH2nO2

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18
Q

general formula for ketones

A

CnH2nO

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19
Q

displayed formula

A

shows relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

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20
Q

structural formula

A

smallest amount of detail
shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule
clearly shows which groups are bonded together

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21
Q

skeletal formula

A

simplified organic formula
carbon skeleton and functional groups
single line = single bond

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22
Q

saturated

A

organic compounds which only contain single bonds

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23
Q

unsaturated compounds

A

organic compounds that contain at least one C=C double covalent bond

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24
Q

structural isomerism

A

when molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

25
Q

stereoisomers

A

organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

26
Q

E-isomer

A

the higher priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

27
Q

Z- isomer

A

the higher priority groups are on the same side of the double bond

28
Q

what gives the atom a higher priority

A

higher atomic number = higher priority

29
Q

homolytic fission

A

when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonding pair, forming two radicals

30
Q

heterolytic fission

A

when one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonding pair

31
Q

what do full-headed curly arrows show

A

direction of movement of a pair of a electrons

32
Q

what do half-headed curly arrows show

A

direction of movement of a single, unpaired electron

33
Q

are alkanes polar or non polar? why?

A

non-polar
carbon and hydrogen have very similar electronegativities

34
Q

shape and bond angle of an alkane

A

tetrahedral
109.5

35
Q

homologous series

A

a family of compounds that have similar chemical properties and only differ by a CH2 group

36
Q

functional group

A

a group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound

37
Q

addition reaction

A

two reactants join together to form one product

38
Q

substitution reaction

A

an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

39
Q

elimination reaction

A

the removal of a small molecule from a larger one

40
Q

angle and shape of a double bond

A

trigonal planar
120

41
Q

more reactive - alkenes or alkanes

A

alkenes
high electron density of double bond
pi-bond is slightly easier to break

42
Q

alkene to haloalkane requirements

A

hydrogen halide

43
Q

alkene to alkane requirements

A

hydrogen
Ni catalyst

44
Q

alkene to alcohol requirements

A

H2O (gas) - steam
H3PO4 - phosphoric acid

45
Q

haloalkane to alcohol requirements

A

NaOH (aq)
reflux

46
Q

alcohol to haloalkane requirements

A

sodium halide
H2SO4 - sulfuric acid

47
Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid requirements

A

potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7
sulfuric acid - H2SO4
reflux

48
Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde requirements

A

potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7
sulfuric acid - H2SO4
reflux then distillation

49
Q

secondary alcohol to ketone requirements

A

potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7
sulfuric acid - H2SO4
reflux

50
Q

functional group of alkene

A

C=C

51
Q

functional group of alcohol

A

-OH

52
Q

functional group of haloalkane

A

-Br
-Cl
-I

53
Q

functional group of aldehyde

A
54
Q

functional group of a ketone

A
55
Q

functional group of a carboxylic acid

A
56
Q

functional group of an ester

A
57
Q

functional group of an amine

A

-NH2

58
Q

functional group of an acyl chloride

A
59
Q

functional group of nitrile

A

-CN

chemistry (6 decks)

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