module five

Question 1

what is occuring in the brain that causes the phenomina of seeing stars

Answer 1

the occipital lobe being pushed back against your skull.

Question 2

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 2

memory, understanding and language

Question 3

define neural plasticity

Answer 3

the ability of the brain to change continuously throughout its lifespan

Question 4

what can neural plasticity alter in the brain?

Answer 4

brain activity associated with a given function that can be transferred to a different location
proportion of grey matter can change (neuron cell bodies)
synapses may strengthen or weaken over time (use it or lose it)

Question 5

what is contextual interference and why is it important for learning a skill

Answer 5

where you are continually changing the movement patterns
adding different tasks or practice variability
helps to improve your performance

Question 6

how does sleep promote skill learning/development

Answer 6

Sleep soon after practice can help with learning
Sleep promotes cerebrospinal fluid movement throughout the brain and to consolidate memory formation underlying skill aquisition.

Question 7

what is explicit technique modification?

Answer 7

instruction, feedback and demonstration

Question 8

what is implicit technique modification

Answer 8

analogy, problem solving, variable practice, dual tasking

Question 9

autonomous motivation vs controlled motivation and their typical outcomes

Answer 9

autonomous= personal choice “i enjoy exercise because i value the benefits (usually stick to physical activity and have positive pysch wellbeing)
controlled motivation=controlled pressures “i have been told to exercise i will feel guilty if i dont” (dont usually stick to physical activity and have negative pysch wellbeing)

Question 10

how can we assist people to shift from controlled to autonomous motivation?

Answer 10

allowing them to feel involved and that they have control over the situation
help them realise they can do it- increasing their confidence.

Question 11

what are three ways that confidence is able to be built in individuals getting into physical activity

Answer 11

1- create accomplishments so people can learn what they can achieve (goal setting, record/recognise achievements)
2- Provide supportive feedback that reinforces achievements
3- Create situations where people can see others being successful ie exercise groups

Question 12

what is an affective response ?

Answer 12

how we feel as a result of a stimulus
can be positive or negative

Question 13

why does affect matter?

Answer 13

because it is a motivational force- people choose to do things that make them feel good and avoid things that dont

Question 14

what three affective components result in a exercise decision ?

Answer 14

affective response-how do i feel right now
affective memory - how do i remember feeling
affective forecast- how am i going to feel

Question 15

what has the strongest influence on exercise affect?

Answer 15

exercise intensity

Question 16

what factors is it important we cognitively appraise to generate an affective response at moderate intensities?

Answer 16

physiological symptoms
and psychological factors of ability and motivation

letting people choose a physiologically beneficial intensity that will provide them with the most feel good is important as it encourages them to do physical activity.

Question 17

accelerometres vs gyroscopes

Answer 17

accelerometres measure linear acceleration
gyroscopes measure rotational movement

Question 18

what does heart rate measure

Answer 18

average number of beats per minute
its a frequency
cycles/time

Question 19

how does vagal tone vary when we breath?

Answer 19

vagal tone= vagus nerve activity
inhale=decreases
exhale=increases

Question 20

what is photoplethysmography
pros and cons

Answer 20

where light reflects off the skin and heart rate is measured by a sensor as it depends on how fast your blood is moving
pros-found in smart watches and are easy to use
cons- these are not accurate during exercise as blood in periphery doesnt correspond to what your heart is doing

Question 21

what is markerless motion capture?

Answer 21

a full body model from smartphone
neural networks trained on location of body landmarks
pros- cuts cost and time for motion analysis
cons-accurate within 4 degrees of saggital plane

Question 22

pros of wearable fitness devices

Answer 22

reasonable good indication of activity
used to monitor activity (clinical and rehibilitation needs)
motivating
being active tends to influence other good habits

Question 23

cons of wearable devices

Answer 23

can be expensive
can lead to extrinsic motivation- hitting numbers etc (rather that intrinsic doing it for satisfaction)
goals arent validated (ie 10,000 steps)
less likely to exercise if not wearing it
feelings of guilt when not active

Question 24

what is technique analysis

Answer 24

-an application of biomechanics
-practically orientated
-usually done in the field
-traditionally involves qualitative analysis with basic equipment

Question 24

what is notational analysis

Answer 24

a method to describe and record events that occur in a game