module five Flashcards
what is occuring in the brain that causes the phenomina of seeing stars
the occipital lobe being pushed back against your skull.
what is the function of the temporal lobe?
memory, understanding and language
define neural plasticity
the ability of the brain to change continuously throughout its lifespan
what can neural plasticity alter in the brain?
brain activity associated with a given function that can be transferred to a different location
proportion of grey matter can change (neuron cell bodies)
synapses may strengthen or weaken over time (use it or lose it)
what is contextual interference and why is it important for learning a skill
where you are continually changing the movement patterns
adding different tasks or practice variability
helps to improve your performance
how does sleep promote skill learning/development
Sleep soon after practice can help with learning
Sleep promotes cerebrospinal fluid movement throughout the brain and to consolidate memory formation underlying skill aquisition.
what is explicit technique modification?
instruction, feedback and demonstration
what is implicit technique modification
analogy, problem solving, variable practice, dual tasking
autonomous motivation vs controlled motivation and their typical outcomes
autonomous= personal choice “i enjoy exercise because i value the benefits (usually stick to physical activity and have positive pysch wellbeing)
controlled motivation=controlled pressures “i have been told to exercise i will feel guilty if i dont” (dont usually stick to physical activity and have negative pysch wellbeing)
how can we assist people to shift from controlled to autonomous motivation?
allowing them to feel involved and that they have control over the situation
help them realise they can do it- increasing their confidence.
what are three ways that confidence is able to be built in individuals getting into physical activity
1- create accomplishments so people can learn what they can achieve (goal setting, record/recognise achievements)
2- Provide supportive feedback that reinforces achievements
3- Create situations where people can see others being successful ie exercise groups
what is an affective response ?
how we feel as a result of a stimulus
can be positive or negative
why does affect matter?
because it is a motivational force- people choose to do things that make them feel good and avoid things that dont
what three affective components result in a exercise decision ?
affective response-how do i feel right now
affective memory - how do i remember feeling
affective forecast- how am i going to feel
what has the strongest influence on exercise affect?
exercise intensity
what factors is it important we cognitively appraise to generate an affective response at moderate intensities?
physiological symptoms
and psychological factors of ability and motivation
letting people choose a physiologically beneficial intensity that will provide them with the most feel good is important as it encourages them to do physical activity.
accelerometres vs gyroscopes
accelerometres measure linear acceleration
gyroscopes measure rotational movement
what does heart rate measure
average number of beats per minute
its a frequency
cycles/time
how does vagal tone vary when we breath?
vagal tone= vagus nerve activity
inhale=decreases
exhale=increases
what is photoplethysmography
pros and cons
where light reflects off the skin and heart rate is measured by a sensor as it depends on how fast your blood is moving
pros-found in smart watches and are easy to use
cons- these are not accurate during exercise as blood in periphery doesnt correspond to what your heart is doing
what is markerless motion capture?
a full body model from smartphone
neural networks trained on location of body landmarks
pros- cuts cost and time for motion analysis
cons-accurate within 4 degrees of saggital plane
pros of wearable fitness devices
reasonable good indication of activity
used to monitor activity (clinical and rehibilitation needs)
motivating
being active tends to influence other good habits
cons of wearable devices
can be expensive
can lead to extrinsic motivation- hitting numbers etc (rather that intrinsic doing it for satisfaction)
goals arent validated (ie 10,000 steps)
less likely to exercise if not wearing it
feelings of guilt when not active
what is technique analysis
-an application of biomechanics
-practically orientated
-usually done in the field
-traditionally involves qualitative analysis with basic equipment
what is notational analysis
a method to describe and record events that occur in a game
