Module E: Pain and Inflammation

Question 1

Autocoids

Answer 1

substances produced by neural and non-neuronal tissue that affect smooth muscle, nerves, and platelets

• involved in pain, fever, inflammation, allergic reactions
• usually affect local tissue but can enter systemic circulation

Question 2

examples of Autocoids

Answer 2

histamine
seroton
prostaglandins (PGs)
leukotrienes

Question 3

Release of Histamine

Answer 3

• from mast cell when membrane-bound antibody IgE interacts with corresponding antigen = degranulation (explosion of mast cell membrane)
• also as a result of physical stimulation, certain drugs, and cholinergics

Question 4

Histamine production and storage

Answer 4

• produced by mast cells and basophils (found in GI tract, skin, respiratory tract)
• stored in vesicles inside mast cell or in basophils until released

Question 5

Histamine Receptors and Effects

Answer 5

H1- allergic reaction
H2- increase gastric secretion and HR
H3- tissues in periphery and on nerve endings

Question 6

H1 Antihistamines 2 types

Answer 6

1-First generation

2-Second generation

Question 7

First Generation Antihistamines

Answer 7

• anticholinergic, sedative and anti-emetic properties

ex. Benadryl, Gravol

Question 8

Second Generation Antihistamines

Answer 8

-less sedating than 1st generation

ex. Allegra (Fexofenadine)
Claritin (Loratadine)
Aerius (Desloratadine)

Question 9

H2 receptor location

Answer 9

gastric mucosa
cardiac muscle cells
some immune cells

Question 10

Use for H2 antagonists

Answer 10

preventing peptic ulcers

Tx of GERD (associated with non-allergic asthma)

Question 11

Examples of H2 Blockers

Answer 11

Tagamet (Cimetidine)

Zantac (Ranitidine)

Question 12

Serotonin (5-HT)

Answer 12

• an autocoid and a neurotransmitter
• produced by platelets, neurons and cells in gut
• PNS effects: platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction
• CNS effects: mood regulation, appetite, sleep