Module E-H & 1/2 AA Flashcards
criminals break laws against?
the public
civil laws deal with
the relationships between people
what is tort
a wrong committed against person/property
malpractice definition
care you are not legally allowed to perform
assault definition
threatening to touch or attempting to touch without proper consent
battery definition
touching a person without consent
three types of consent
written, verbal, and implied
what is false imprisonment
unlawful restraining or restricitng a person’s movement
nurse aid’s role in legal matters(4)
know range of functions, keep skills sharp, keep resident well-being in mind, understand directions
we must protect our vulnerable adults from: (4)
neglect, misappropriation of property, abuse, and exploitation
who should nurse aid immediately report to about illegal/suspicious treatment
supervisor nurse
what are ethics
knowledge of what you SHOULD do. being accountable for your behavior. right and wrong.
basic human rights are protected by the
US Constitution
law vs ethics
must vs should
law vs ethics
must vs should
what is an ombudsman
a person assigned to their district who supports the best interest of the resident. they can call them at any time to report mistreatment without question, kinda like a social worker.
ethics help to:
guide sense of duty and conduct in workers
when to use ethical behavior
always!
ethical behavior can differ in residents based on
culture
end-of-life decision-making follows resident’s ___
individual ethical principles
nurse aid’s must respect resident’s ___
end of life decisions
the resident has a right to refuse ___
medical intervention at the end of life
the resident has a right to request ____
everything possible to prolong life
nurse aid’s treat residents with dignity by viewing them as ___ than themselves
greater
what is basic restorative care?
care provided after rehabilitation (PT) has done everything it can
the goal of restorative care?
to maintain function and increase independence
what are prosthetic devices?
REPLACEMENTS for LOSS of body part made for one person
nurse aid should observe ___ around prosthesis for _____
skin/pressure,abrasion
what are orthotic devices?
artificial devises that HELP with function or appearance made for one person
what are supportive devices
equipment that helps with movement
what are assistive devices?
equipment that helps with ADLs
what is another name for assistive devices?
adaptive devices
during bowel/bladder retraining, attempts to void are ____
scheduled
when are the best times to void (5)
when reisident awakens, one hour before meals, every two hours between meals, before going to bed, during the night as needed
bladder retraining techniques (5)
running water, lean resident forward, put residens hands in warm water, offer fluids to drink, pour warm water over perineum area
how long can bladder/bowel training take till successful?
8-10 weeks
staff muss be ____ and _____ everything when bladder/bowel retraining
consistent/record
chemotherapy side effects(5)
alopecia, digestive disturbances, stomatitis(inflammation of the mouth), decreased blood cell production, changes in cognitive function
targeted chemotherapy can raise
blood pressure
the fatty layer of skin ____ with age
decreases
with age, reduced _____ to skin produces drying and itching
circulation
older people develop ___,___,___ on their skin
skin tags, warts, and moles
variations of normal in the integumentary system (4)
breaks, pale/white/reddened ares, black/blue ares, changes in scalp/hair
pale/white/reddened areas of skin indicate
stage 1 pressure ulcers (and other stages)
preventing skin problems in residents requires
positioning and skin care
follow ____ for positioning directives
care plan
prevent _____ when positioning
bed friction (like powdered sheets)
prevent head ____ when postioning
shearing
what is head shearing?
raising head above 30 degress
watch out for _____ with orthotic devises
bony prominces
soap can ____ and ___ the skin with integumentary abnormalities
dry and irritate. use cleansing agent
what are ROM exercies
exercises that move each joint through its full ROM
what are PROM exercises
passive ROM exercises (you move their body for them)
pronation is?
palm down
supination is?
palm up
abduction vs adduction
arm away vs arm toward the body
dorsiflexion is?
foot flex up
plantarflexion is?
pointing ankles
opposition movements are when
parts of the body move in opposite directions to exercises. i.e., thumb to pinky.
height decreases ____ between ages __ and ___
1 to 2 inches, 20 and 70
what is arthritis
inflammation or swelling of the joints causes stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility
two types of arthritis
osteo (degenerative due to age) and rheumatoid (small to large at any age)
bones become ___ and ___ with age
weak, brittle
arthritis medicine can cause (2)
heartburn and stomach aches
nurse aid’s role with a fracture (2)
elevate the cast slightly higher than heart level, and observe for further abnormalities like swelling, sores, etc.
nurse aid’s role with a hip fracture(4)
stay mindful of weight-bearing limitations, what ROM exercises to do and when, use abductions pillows, and just follow the care plan
danger of not doing ROM exercises during hip fracture
blood clots which will get in lungs and lead to death
phantom pain possibly happens because
damaged nerve endings
do you report phantom pain?
YES. medication may be needed
what is muscle contracture?
the muscle or tendon freezes and shortens casuing PERMANENT disability
what is muscle atrophy?
the muscle degenrates due to lack of use
what to do to prevent contracture and atrophy?
ROM exercises and positioning
what is the nervous system
controls and coordinates the body functions
the nervous system is the reflex center for the?
respiration and heartbeat
the central nervous system consists of
brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system consists of
includes nerves that travel throughout the body
strokes are caused by?(2)
a broken blood vessel in the brain or when oxygen to the brain is disrupted and the brainds cells die
what is hemiplegia?
paralysis on one side of the body after stroke
what is hemiparesis
weakness on one side of the body after stroke
expressive aphasia
trouble speaking and writing after stroke
receptive aphasia
trouble receiving and understanding information after stroke
what is emotional liability
uncalled for emotional outburtst after stroke
what is dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
what 9 things can someone experience after a stroke
hemiplagia, hemiparesis, expressive aphagea, receptive aphegia, emotional liability, loss of sensation, loss of bowl.bladder control, cognitive impairment, and dysphagia
never call residents stroke affected side as ___
bad side
strokes increase the risk of what skin condition
pressure ulcers
what does TOSS stand for
take
off
strong
side
(referring to dressing post stroke)
what does POW stand for
put
on
weaker (side)
(referring to dressing post stroke)
what is paraplegia
complete paralysis on lower body
what is quadraplegia
complete paralysis of entire body including trunk
what is logrolling
whole body go weeee (two man job) keep the spine stright
what is foot drop
paralysis of the front muscle on the foot. literally is what it sounds like
what can be used for foot drop
positioning boots
what is edema
swelling of the hands and feet
what is cyanosis
pale/blue hands, feet, or lips
weight gain from cardiovascular issues comes from?
fluid retention
what are some abnormalities to signal cardiovascular issues (4)
edema
cyanosis
weakness or tiredness
Fluid retention
nurse aid’s role during congestive heart failure (6)
common sense and intake & output records, elastic stockings, weighing resident, elevating feet, and head of bed
abnormalities with respiratory issues (5)
cyanosis
dyspnea
changes in R rate
tiredness
pain in chest
what is dyspnea
difficulty breathing
what is ccpd (copd)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic, proggresive diesease causing expiration troubles. includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
what is chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi usually caused by smoking
what is emphysema
when someone got bronchitis and didn’t quit smoking now they got this smh. they on oxygen now
nurse aid’s role in ccpd (4)
position so they are upright, offer small meals and fluids, encourage pursed breathing, observe oxygen,
nurse aid’s role with respiratory system (4)
postion for lung expansion, light exercise, encourage deep breathing exercises, limit exposure to smoke
the thinning of the stomach lining can cause?
digestive issues
what is peristalsis?
poop movement on the inside. the canal.
what is peristalsis?
poop movement on the inside. the canal.
what is a sphincter
booty hole muscle
is incontinence apart of aging
no
what is ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine
ulcerative colitis can result in
a colostomy
what is a colostomy
a surgically created opening (stoma) from large intestine to allow stool into a bag
fecal impaction looks like what in the underwear
streak
nurse aid digestive system care (3)
offer fluids each time you enter room (unless on fluid restriction), exercise, toileting schedule
urinary system rids waste form where
blodd
urinary system structure:
kidneys located in the abdominal cavity back, ureters tubing kidneys to the bladder, urinary sac, and urethra leading it all the way outside
how big are kidneys
four to five inches
what do kidneys do (2)
filter waste from blood and produces urine, regulate electrolytes
what do kidneys HELP with
maintaining water balance and blodd pressure
how long are ureters
about a foot
how long are ureters in males vs females
seven to eight vs one and a half inches
whos more prone to uti
females
never refer to adult briefs as a
diaper
what is “clean catch” urine
mid stream pee
24 hour collection of urine is
all the urine of the day, but not the first (that’s yesterday)
what is the endocrine system
system of GLANDS that secrete chemicals directly into blood stream
structure of endocrine system?
glands throughtout the body
functions of the endocrine system?(6)
maintain balance
growth
sugar in blood
calcium in bones
regulate reproduction
regulate metabolism
diabetes mellitus happens because?
pancreases produces too little or does not use insulin properly
why is insulin needed in the body
it moves glucose to cells who need glucose for energy
why do diabetics have high blood sugar?
the sugar levels rose because there’s no insulin to move it
three types of diabetes?
type 1, type 2, and gestational (only for pregnant women)
nurse aid’s pay special attention to what for diabetic residents
DIET.
report to nurse if diabetic refuses a?
meal
how to know if resident has hypoglycemia?
“cold and clammy need some candy”
how to know if a resident has hyperglycemia?
“sweet breath gives sugar a rest”
nurse aid should observe how a diabetic ____ their meal
eats
what is eupnea
it just normal breathing
normal respiratory rate?
12 - 20 breaths per minute
what do veins do
carry trash blood to heart
what do arteries do
carry clean blood to cells form heart
what is a pulse?
a wave of blood passing through the artery. felt at an artery
what is pulse rate
number of beats per minute
what is pulse rythym
regularity of heart beats
what is pulse force
intensity of heart beat
what are the 6 pulse sites
temporal (under ear)
carotid (neck)
apical (over heart)
brachial (inside elbow)
radial(wrist)
pedal(foot)
never check ___ pulse with two hands
carotid
brachial pulse is usually measured when ____ is measured
blood pressure
normal heart rate for adults
60 - 100 beats per minute
what is the term for less than 60 heart beats per minute
bradycardia
what is the term for more than 100 heartbeats per minute
tachycardia
normal adult blood pressure ranges
systolic = 90 - 119 mm Hg
diastolic = 60 - 79 mm Hg
blood pressure is measured in what units/
millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg)
what is hypertension?
elevated blood pressure
what is hypotension
too low blood pressure
the temperature taking types (5)
oral - mouth
rectal - rectum
axilla - armpit
tympanic -ear
temporal artery - forehead
normal oral temperature range
97.6 F - 99.6 F
baseline oral temp
98.6 F
