Module & Chapter 1 Flashcards
In the DSM 5, anxiety disorders are organized into ___ chapters: ________
3: Anxiety disorders, obsessive disorders, and trauma and stress related disorders
Anxiety
An individual feels threatened of a future negative event
Fear
Occurs due to a present event
Panic
A false alarm reaction
Phyisological Symptoms of Anxiety alter the
Autonomic system
Cognitive Symptoms of Anxiety alterations in:
Conciousness
Behavioural responses are ____
Consequences of emotions
When does anxiety cause a problem?
When anxiety causes significant distress or impairment in various areas of daily functioning
Biological Contributions to Anxiety
Genetics - more so temperamental than a certain disorder
Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmitters (Fight or flight)
Psychological Contributions of Anxiety
Behavioural factors: learned through classical conditioning
Cognitive Factors: anxious often only view things consistent with the idea that everything is dangerous
Interpersonal factors: Parenting styles
Neurotransmitters related with anxiety
Gaba, serotonin, norepinephrine
Social Factors of Anxiety
Stressful life events
Integrated Approach
Combines bio, psycho, and social factors to explain anxiety-related disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Uncontrollable, unrpoductive worry about everyday minor events
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks involving a sudden onset of physiological symptoms
Social Anxiety Disorder
Irrational fear and avoidance of performance disorder
Specific Phobia
Fear and avoidance of objects or situations that do not present any real danger
Symptoms of GAD
Muscle tension, irritability, sleeping disturbance, fatigue, mental agitation
Majority of people with GAD are
Female
GAD has a ______ onset
Gradual
People think that instead of inherting GAD, they actually inherit
Anxiety sensitivity
People with GAD do not show much changes in ____
physiological factors
Dugas and Ladouceur Model on GAD
Intolerance of uncertainty
Positive beliefs about worry
Poor problem orientation
Cognitive avoidance
Treatment for GAD
Drugs: benzodiazepine and antidepressants
Psychological:
CBT
For GAD, is psychological or drug treatments more helpful?
Psychological
Mindfullness Includes
Accepting distressing feelins and become more tolerant of them
Two Types of Panic Attacks
cued/expected panic attacks
uncued/unexpected panic attack
Derealization & Depersonality
Feelings of unreality and feelings of being detached from oneself
There must be ____ or more symptoms in order to be deemed a panic attack
4
_____ are more like to experience panic disorder
Women
Interoceptive Avoidance
Removing oneself from situations of activities that might produce physiological arousal similar to a panic attack
Agora derives from the greek word
Fear of the market place
Causes of Panic Disorder
Genetic predisposal
Panic attacks are classical conditioning responses.
Learned Alarms
Previous panic attacks now being associated with certain stimulation
Treatment for Panic Disorders
SSRIs
PCT - a form of CBT
It is most helpful to use both
Men or women most likely to experience phobias?
Women
5 Specifiers of Phobias
Blood-injury-injection Phobia
Animal Phobia
Natural Environment Phobia
Situational Phobias
Other Type
Causes of Phobias
People learn something is scary, then avoid it, causing it to be more scary
Prepared Learning
Some fears may reflect clasical conditionng, but only to stimuli which an organism is physiologically prepared to be sensitive, like snakes, spiders and heights but not lams
Treatments for Phobias
Gradual Exposure
Systematic Desensitzation
Modelling Therapy
Virtual Reality Therapy
Social Anxiety is the most
Prevalent
Causes of social anxiety
Genetics
Behavioural inhibition
Conditioning theory of panic attacks can be applied to explain SAD
Treatment for Social Anxiety
Drug Therapies
CBGT
Social Mishap Exposures
Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD
If the stressor causes significant impairment in social or occupational functioning that lasts for less than a month, Acute is given ,if more than a month, PTSD is given
PTSD
Extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of related stimuli and numbing of emotional response
Symptoms of PTSD AND ASD
Re-expering traumatic event
Avoidance of stimuli
Reduction of responsiveness
Increased arousal
Causes of PTSD
Exposure to trauma
Tendency to take responsibility
Anxiety sensitivity
Protective Factors for PTSD
less severe events
Higher intelligence
Coping skills
Resilience
Causal Theories of PTSD
Psychological-Learning Theories (avoidance is built up)
cognitive biological theories (disorder of memory)
Social and Cultural Factors (lack of support system)
Treatments of PTSD
Exposure Therapy
Virtual Exposure Therapy
MDMA
Eye Movement Densensitzation
Obsessions
Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that seem to invade a person’s conciousness
Compulsions
Repetitive behaviour or mental act that a person feels compelled or drive to perform
Male to female ratio is ___ when it comes to PTSD
Equal
Causes of OCD
Biological - levels of serotonin
Cognitive - tendency to exaggerate the risk of unfortunate events
Treatment for OCD
Exposure and Response
