Module C Flashcards by Michelle Era

Which muscle group is most important for movements and lifts that require extra effort?

Core Stabilizers

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In an attempt to lift, which two measures are recommended for proper body mechanics?

Increasing your base of support and positioning your COG near the objects COG

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What area of the spine is host to most injuries caused by lifting?

Lumbar

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For removing groceries, tools or other items from the trunk of a car, which of the following body mechanics is recommended?

Bend your hips and knees slightly and move the object close to you before lifting

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Which trunk position has the greates potential to cause damage in the act of lifting or reaching for an object?

Simultaneous trunk flexion and rotation

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In coordinating a lifting activity with others, how should directions be given?

As brief, concise, and action-oriented commands

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How should objects above shoulder or head height be approached?

Standing on a wide-based footstool or ladder

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Which lift involves positioning the hips below the level of the knees?

The deep squat lift

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Which lift involves only a half squat so that the hips remain above the level of the knees?

The power lift

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Which lift involves the lifters knees being flexed slightly or fully extended

The straight leg lift

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Which lift involves picking up an object in a manner similar to the way a golfer removes a golf ball from the cup?

The one-leg stance lift

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Which lift involves placing the object to be lifted on the thigh of the flexed lower extremity and moving it close to the body before the flexed lower extremity begins rising to standing?

The half-kneel lift

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Which lift involves starting off in a deep squat, then flexing the upper extremities befor extending the lower extremities?

The traditional lift

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Which posture is recommended for performing activities below the waist, such as removing clothes from a front-loading dryer?

Sitting, stooping, or kneeling

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At what level is the approximate center of gravity of a standing person?

The second sacral segment

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How should patients breathe when performing physical activities, specifically lifting?

Normally

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The point at which the mass of a body or object is centered

Center of Gravity

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Abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Kyphosis

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An increase in one of the forward convexities of the normal vertebral columns; usually cervical or lumbar

Lordosis

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Increased intrathoracic pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis

Valsalva Phenomenon or maneuver

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Imaginary vertical line that passes through the center of gravity of an object.

Vertical Gravity Line

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The patient requires verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions from another person positioned close to,, but not touching, the patient to perform the activity safely and in an acceptable time frame; the assistant may provide protection in case the patient’s safety is threatened

Standyby Assistance

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The caregiver is positioned close to the patient with his or her ands on the patient or a gait belt; it is very likely the patient will require protection during the performance of the activity

Contact Guarding

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The patient performs 25%-49% of the activity; assistance is required to complete the activity

Maximal Assistance

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The patient can perform a transfer without any type of verbal or manual assistance

Independent

The patient may require verbal cues or uses assistive equipment or adaptive equipment (bed rail, grab bars, transfer board, furniture)

Modified Independent

The patient requires assistance from another person to perform the activity safely in an acceptable time frame; physical assistance, verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions may be used

Assisted

The patient performs > or = 75% of the activity; assistance required to complete the activity

Minimal Assistance

The patient performs 50%-74% of the activity; assistance is required to complete the activity

Moderate Assistance

The patient requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the activity safely; special equipment or devices may be used

Dependent

What type of footwear should be used when one is performing a standing transfer?

Non-skid shoes or socks

What should a caregiver grasp to guard a patient during transfers?

A safety belt or sling

During an upward movement transfer of a supine patient, how should the patient's lower extremities be positioned?

With hips and knees flexed and feet flat on the bed

Which transfer is sometimes referred to as the "quad pivot"?

One-person Dependent

How should the wheelchair be positioned to perform a standing dependent pivot transfer to the bed?

Midway between the head or foot of the bed, at an angle of 45-60 degrees to the bed

Where should a caregiver NOT allow a patient to place his or her upper extremities during a standing, dependent pivot transfer?

Around the caregiver's neck

If a patient is transferring to the right from a wheelchair to bed, where should the buttocks be positioned before the transfer?

Toward the front of the wheelchair seat, in front of the drive wheel

To perform an assisting sitting transfer with a transfer board, where should the board be positioned?

Beneath the thigh and in front of the drive wheel

Where should the caregiver position a patient's upper extremities when a mechanical lift is used?

Folded over the abdomen

(T or F) A physical therapist assistant may modify specific interventions within the Plan of Care established by the physical therapist in response to change in the patient/clients's status

True

(T or F) A physical therapist assistant shall not exploit any aspect of the physical therapist assitant patient/client relationship unless it can be proven that both parties will benefit from such an activity

False

(T or F) A physical therapist assistant shall provide interventions only under the supervision and direction of a physical therapist unless the physical therapist is not immediately available

False

(T or F) The physical therapist assistant complies with legal requirements of the APTA regardless of the jurisdiction regulating the work of the assistant

False

(T or F) A phyisical therapist assistant shall respect the rights and dignity of all indidviduals and shall provide compassionate care

True

(T or F) A physical therapist assistant shall make judgements that are commensurate with their educational and legal qualifications as a physical therapist assistant

True

Do no harm

Nonmaleficence

Doing what is best for others

Benificence

Treating all people equally or fairly

Justice

Being truthful

Veracity

Keeping commitments to others

Fidelity

Responsibility to others

Duty

(T or F) If state laws regarding disclosure of protected health information are more restrictive than HIPAA laws, the state laws should be followed instead of HIPAA

True

Respecting the differences between people

Cultural Competence

The process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about his or her health care

Informed Consent

A system of principles governing medical conduct

Medical Ethics

Patient has the right to have control over his or her own life, including the right to accept or refuse treatment

Patient Autonomy

The establishment of social rules for conduct

Medical Law

Health care provider must maintain patient privacy

Confidentiality

(T or F) Medical law and medical ethics are not interrelated, and have nothing in common

False

A PTA received a request from the office of one of his patient's attorney to send copies of the patient's file. Before sending the copies to the attorney, the PTA needs:

Patient's written authorization for release of copies

A PTA student in clinical rotation talking loudly about a patient while having lunch in the hospital cafeteria means:

- Disclosure of PHI - Breaking the Privacy Rule - Not applying reasonable safeguards - Divulging confidential information

(T or F) The Privacy Rule defers to the State or other applicable law regarding a parent's access to health information about a minor

True

(T or F) The patient has the right to examine his/her chart and records - even letters to a collection agency for co-payments

True

(T or F) HIPAA's enforcement of transactions and code sets is primarily complaint driven

True

True or False: Restricting the patient’s freedom to choose a health care provider means disregarding the patient’s autonomy and his/her rights.

True

True or False: A PTA who represents himself/herself as a PT may loose his/her license.

True

True or False: Awareness and acceptance of a patient's racial characteristics, religious affiliations, and socioeconomic status are all part of cultural diversity.

True

True or False: When treating a patient, the PTA does not need to care about that patient's physical size, age, gender, or occupation.

False

True or False: PTA's ethics statements are significant professional and moral guides, enforceable by law.

False

Information the patient, family member, or caregiver gives pertaining to the patient's condition

Subjective Data

information from observable patient performance of a functional task

Objective Data

How can a PTA demonstrate the clinical decision making process in his/her documentation?

By collecting pertinent subjective and objective patient data in visits following the initial examination, before and after providing interventions

Services given when a patient's medical condition, comorbidities, or complicating factors are such that the service should be provided or supervised by a therapist for safety and effectiveness

Skilled Care

Services which can be provided by a nonlicensed individual, such as a family member or caregiver who has had some training from a skilled professional, or by the patient through independent home exercises

Maintenance Therapy

What type of information can a PTA document?

- Date - Cancellations an no-shows - Modalities and/or procedures, including parameters involved and areas of body treated - Objective status - Response to treatment - Continuation of plan as establishe by the PT - Change of plan as authorized by the PT - Signature, title, and license number

The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms

Diagnosis

Physiological functions of the body/anatomical bodily structures

Body structure/function

Difficulties that might be encountered by an individual who is attempting to complete a task or carry out an activity

Activity Limitations

Problems an individual might face while involved in life situations

Participation Restrictions

A structured document oriented around the patient's problems. The first page of the record consists of a patient problem list. This serves as the table of contents for the remainder of the medical record

A Problem-oriented Medical Record

A note evolved from the POMR that contains a subjective, objective, assessment, and plan section

SOAP note

A document format which emphasizes the patient's function. It clearly describes the relationship between the patient's impairments and the ability to perform functional tasks, and it improves readability for non-health care providers reviewing documentation

The Functional Outcomes Reporting document

Any information that would have an impact on the medical decisions you make for your patient

Relevant Information

- Information that demonstrates the patient's readiness to participate with PT - PT interventions provided - Information that demonstrates the patient's response to the PT intervention provided

Categories of information that belong in the "O" section of a SOAP note

What section of a SOAP note does "treatment progression" fall under?

Plan

What section of a SOAP note does "communication with other health care professionals" fall under?

Objective

What section of a SOAP note does "Equipment needs" fall under?

Plan

Portion of Medicare that covers inpatient hospital stays

Medicare A

Portion of Medicare that covers outpatient services

Medicare B

Different payment systems are in place for different practice settings

Prospective Payment System (PPS)

Classification system used to group patients according to diagnosis

Diagnosis Related Group (DRG)

Codes assigned to health care procedures

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)

A hierarchy for grouping patients according to the amount of resources they will need during their stay at a skilled nursing facility

Resource Utilization Group (RUG)

Individual that is the point of access into the health care system

Primary Care Provider (PCP)

Tool to collect data about a patient's functional status

Outcomes and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)

A tool used in skilled nursing facilities by multiple providers to assess the patient's abilities

Minimum Data Set (MDS)