Module B Flashcards
What factors cause body temperature to increase
- Late in the day
- Younger age
- Hot environment
- Infection
- Increased Physical Activity
- Increased stress
- Rectal site for measurement
- During ovulation or pregnancy
- Measurement taken orally after consuming something hot
What factors cause body temperature to decrease?
- Early morning
- Younger age
- Cold environment
- Decrease in physical activity
- Decreased Stress
- Measurement taken in the axilla
- Measurement taken after consuming something cold
What factors cause blood pressure to be higher
- Older age
- Increased physical activity
- Increased stress
- Certain medications
- Smaller veins
- Lower arm position
- Muscle contraction
- Increased blood volume
- Increased cardiac output
- Measurement taken in the left upper extremity
What factors cause blood pressure to be lower?
- Younger age
- Decreased physical activity
- Decreased stress
- Certain medications
- Larger veins
- Higher arm position
- Decreased blood volume
- Dehydration
- Decreased cardiac output
- Measurement taken at right upper extremity
What factors cause a pulse rate to be higher?
- Younger age
- Females
- Hotter environment
- Infection
- Increased physical activity
- Increased stress
- Certain medications
- Hypotension
- Less athletic
What factors cause a pulse rate to be lower?
- Older age
- Males
- Colder temperature
- Decreased physical activity
- Decreased stress
- Certain medications
- Hypertension
- More athletic
What factors cause respiration rate to be higher?
- Very young or very old
- Increased physical activity
- Increased stress
- High altitude
- Disease
What is the normal resting heart rate for newborns (0-3 months)?
100-150 bpm
What is the normal resting heart rate for children (1-10 years)?
70-130 bpm
What is the normal resting heart rate for adults (10+ years)?
60-100 bpm
What is normal blood pressure for infants (birth-3 months)?
85-90 systolic, 35-65 diastolic
What is normal blood pressure for children (1-4 years)?
100-108 systolic, 60 diastolic
What is normal blood pressure for adults?
<120 systolic, <80 diastolic
How do you get the smallest margin for error when measuring heart rate?
By measuring for the maximum amount of seconds
How should the arm be positioned when blood pressure is measured at the brachial artery?
At the level of the heart
Indicates a rapid heart rate over 100 bpm
Tachycardia
Indicates a slow heart rate below 60 bpm
Bradycardia
Indicates even heart beats with a good force to each beat
Strong and regular
Indicates even heart beats with a poor force to each beat
Weak and regular
Indicates strong heart beats with an irregular rhythm
Irregular
Indicates a weak force to each beat and irregular beats
Thready
The period when the greatest amount of pressure is exerted on the walls of the arteries during one’s heartbeat
Systole
Is it normal or abnormal for diastolic pressure to increase more than 10-15 mm Hg during exercise?
Abnormal
Abnormally high blood pressure
Hypertension
Abnormally low blood pressure
Hypotension
A condition in which breathing is easier when the person is seated or standing
Orthopnea
Labored or difficult breathing
Dyspnea
Variation from the normal heart rhythm
Arrhythmia
A temporary suspension of consciousness caused by cerebral anemia; fainting.
Syncope
What is the most generally accepted average value for normal body temperature?
98.6 degrees F
At what point is a person considered to be pyrexic?
When their temperature is >100 degrees F
At what point is a person considered to be hyperpyrexic?
When their temperature is >106 degrees F
What is the normal respiratory rate for infants at rest?
30-50 breaths per minute
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults at rest?
12-18 breaths per minute
The best method of controlling bleeding and the one you should try first is:
Direct Pressure
In which position should a person in shock be placed?
Supine with the head slightly lower than the lower extremities
Is hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia considered a rapid life-threatening emergency?
Hyperglycemia
- Gradual onset
- Flushed, dry skin
- Drowsy, fatigued confused
- Breath has a fruity smell
- Deep, labored, or short breath
- Vomiting
- Dry mouth
- Increased thirst
- Large amounts of glucose in urine
- Blurred vision
Hyperglycemia
What are some causes of hyperglycemia?
- Not taking or not taking enough insulin
- Too much food or improper food (sugar)
- Not enough physical activity
What should you have a hypoglycemic patient do if they are conscious?
Ingest some form of sugar
Should you attempt to put something between the teeth of a seizure patient?
No
Should you attempt to restrain a seizure victim to prevent injury?
No
How should a seizing individual’s head be positioned after convulsions subside?
To one side
What condition occurs most frequently when a person attempts to stand rapidly from a stooped , kneeling, recumbent or sitting position?
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Profuse sweating
- Nausea
- Headache
- Shallow, rapid breathing
- Weak, rapid pulse
- Pale
- Exhaustion, collapsing
- Maybe unconsciousness
- Cramping in legs and trunk
Heat Exhaustion
What is the initial treatment for heat exhaustion?
- Place the person in a shady area or room that is ventilated
- Loosen or remove outer clothing
- Monitor vital signs and contact emergency services
What are considered severe reactions to an allergy?
Abdominal pain and difficulty swallowing
You should elevate the bleeding part above the level of the heart unless you suspect:
Fracture, dislocation, impaled object, or spinal injury
If a dressing soaks through with blood, you should:
Leave it in place and put another one over it
The best position for a victim with a nosebleed is:
Sitting, leaning forward
When bleeding is uncontrolled, the body can’t compensate quickly enough and what may occur?
Shock
What color is blood from an artery?
Bright red
What color is blood from a vein?
Dark red
Blood loss from a/an ____ is most difficult to control.
Artery
When the patient is bleeding, direct pressure is applied to the _____.
Wound
In addition to direct pressure for a bleeding patient, _____ the limb and apply cold packs.
Elevate
The preferred position for a person in shock is supine with the feet _____.
Above heart level
A condition in which fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the arterial walls is:
Atherosclerosis
The most common sign of angina pectoris is:
Chest pain
What is the FIRST thing you should do for a responsive victim who exhibits signs and symptoms of a cardiac emergency?
Activate EMS
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Profuse perspiration
- Light-headedness
- Palpitations
- Nausea and/or vomiting
- Pale, cool, moist skin
Angina
Angina pectoris usually appears suddenly and is associated with:
Physical Exertion
If an adult has had a heart attack and his/her pulse is absent, you should:
Start CPR
Brief attacks similar to strokes that occur when arterial blockage is partial or brief.
Transient ischemic attack
You should position the conscious victim of a stroke:
On his back with head and shoulders slightly raised
- Altered level of consciousness
- Motor function problems
- Sensory function problems
- Altered communication abilities
- Headache that is sudden, severe, or accompanied by a stiff neck
- Flushed or pale face
- Respiratory distress
- Constricted pupils, or pupils unequal in size or reaction
- Loss of bowel or bladder control
- Nausea and/or vomiting
Stroke
A condition in which plasma seeps out of the capillaries into the lungs as a result of pressure from a failing heart.
Pulmonary edema
Angina pectoris occurs when the heart’s demand for _____ exceeds its supply.
Oxygen
The major symptom of myocardial infarction is _____.
Chest pain
The most common cause of congestive heart failure is
Heart attack
As congestive heart failure progresses, fluid builds up behind the failing left side of the heart and into the lungs, resulting in
Pulmonary edema
Stroke occurs when _____ to the brain is impaired.
Blood circulation
Most strokes are caused by
Thrombus
What first aid procedure would you apply for a victim with dyspnea after checking for aspiration and clearing the airway?
Assist with ventilation if needed
The number-one goal of first aid care for victims with COPD is to:
Enhance oxygenation
The 3 goals of first aid care for asthma are improve oxygenation, relieve bronchospasm, and improve _____.
Ventilation
“Over breathing” is associated with what condition?
Hyperventilation
Is having the victim of hyperventilation breathe into a paper bag proper first aid care?
No
Which position makes it easier for a person in respiratory distress to breathe?
Sitting/Semi-sitting
Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing
Dyspnea
Victims of emphysema are sometimes called
Pink Puffers
Victims of chronic bronchitis are sometimes called
Blue Bloaters
True or False: In a typical asthma attack the victim’s cough is productive with producing mucus
False
Insulin is a hormone needed to facilitate the movement of _____ out of the bloodstream and into the cell.
Glucose (sugar)
