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Clinical Anatomy Final Exam > Module 9A and 9B Abdomen > Flashcards

Module 9A and 9B Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the abdominal cavity located?

A

thoracic diaphragm and pelvic inlet

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2
Q

What are the 9 regions called?
Center column top to bottom
Lateral columns top to bottom

A

Center column-
Epigastric
Umbilical
hypogastric

Lat columns-
Hypochondriac
Lumbar
Inguinal

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3
Q

What is located in the RUQ?

A 
Liver
GB
Pylorus of stomach, duodenum, Lg intestine (ascending)
Head of pancreas
R kidney
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4
Q

What is located in LUQ?

A 
L lobe of liver
jejunum, proximal ileum, Lg intestine (descendiing) L 1/2 of transverse
Spleen
Body and tail of pancreas
L kidney
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5
Q

What is located in RLQ?

A

Cecum, inferior portion of ascending LI, appendix
R ureter, bladder (if distended)
Reproductive structures

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6
Q

What is located in LLQ?

A

Sigmoid colon, inferor portion of descendning LI
L ureter, bladder (if distended)
reproductive structures

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7
Q

What are the names of the 2 fascial layers of the abdomen?

A

Campers
Scarpa’s
(if you go camping wear a scarf)

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8
Q

Campers = _______ fascia

A

Superficial fascia (fat)

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9
Q

Scarpa = _________

A

Layer of membranous tissue

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10
Q

Name the layers of the abdominal wall from outside to in

A 
Skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
External oblique
Internal olbique m.
Transverse abdominal muscle
Trasversali fascia
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum (lines the GI structures)
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11
Q

Which layer is continuous with other fascia layers in the perineum and reproductive organs?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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12
Q

What layer is contnious with the linea alba?

A

Transverse fascia

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13
Q

Attach: External oblique

A

Ribs 5-12–>linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior 1/2 of iliac crest

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14
Q

What structure folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament?

A

inferior aponeurosis of the external oblique m.

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15
Q

Attach: Internal oblique

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, ant. 2/3 of iliac crest, lat 1/2 of inguinal ligament.–>ribs 1-12, linea alba, pectin pubis

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16
Q

Attach: Transverse abd.

A

Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crst, lat 1/3 of inguinal ligament–>line alaba pectin pubis, pubic crest

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17
Q

Attach: rectus abd

A

Cosal cartilage ribs 5-7, xiphoid process–>Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

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18
Q

What innervates all of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

Thoracic nerves

***Internal abdique and transverse abd. also innervated by first lumbar nerve

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19
Q

What forms the rectus sheath?

A

aponeurosis of ext oblique, internal obliqe and transverse abd.

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20
Q

Where is the arcuate line?

A

Between umbilicus and pubic symphisis

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21
Q

what does the rectus sheath do above the arcuate line?

A

posterior portion covers the rectus abdominus

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22
Q

What does the rectus sheath do below the arcuate line?

A

Travels anterior to rectus abdominus.

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23
Q

What is the linea alba a attachment place for?

A

Transverse and oblique abd muscles.

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24
Q

What landmarks does the inguinal ligament fall between?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercele

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25
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Males: sperm cord and ilioinguinal nerve
Female: round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve

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26
Q

What is the FLOOR of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament-In-curving (trough)

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27
Q

What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?

A

Superficial (external)

Deep (internal) ring

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28
Q

Indirect hernia. The bowel protrudes through _______ and ______?

A

Deep ring,

Descends through the canal

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29
Q

Direct hernia. The bowel protrudes through ______

A

Defect in the abdominal wall

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30
Q

What is the mc site of direct inguinal hernia?

A

Hesselbach’s triangle

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31
Q

What is Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Lat border of rectus abdominus
Inguinal ligament
Inferior epigastric artery and vein

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32
Q

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of external oblique and some internal oblique fibers

33
Q

What is the double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the stomach and the liver?

A

Lesser omentum

34
Q

Peritoneal fold that hangs down from the greater curvature of the and and loops back up to attach to the transverse colon?

A

Greater omentum

35
Q

Double layer of peritoneum that attaches an organ to and wall or other organ?

A

Peritoneal ligament. Ex-falciform ligament, gastrosplenic

36
Q

Organs that are suspended and covered anteriorly and posteriorly by peritoneum - are considered to be _____

A

intraperitoneal (don’t invaginate into the peritoneum during development)

37
Q

Organs that are covered anteriorly by one layer of peritoneum are considered to be _____?

A

Retroperintoneal

38
Q

What are the 3 divisions of and viscera?

A

Foregut
midgut
Hindgut

39
Q

What is the blood supply of the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

40
Q

What is in the foregut?

A

Oropharynx to the hepatopacreatic ampula in the duodenum

41
Q

What is in the Midgut?

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla of the duodenum to distal 1/3 of transverse colon

42
Q

What blood supply of the midgut?

A

superior mescenteric artery

43
Q

What is in the hindgut?

A

Transverse colon to anus

44
Q

What supplies blood to the hindgut?

A

Inferior mescenteric artery

45
Q

What does the esophagus pass through when heading down through the diaphragm?

A

The esophageal hiatus

46
Q

Retroperitoneal structures?

A 
Duodenum
Ascending and descendning colon
rectum
Most of pancreas!!!!
Kidney and suprarenal gland
Ureter
Abd aorta and IVC
47
Q

Intraperitoneal structures?

A 
STomach
Proximal jejunum
Jejunum
Ileum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Tail of pancreas!!!
spleen
48
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas located? Retro or intrarperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

49
Q

What is the dividing line between the foregut and the midgut?

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

50
Q

What connects the stomach to the small intestine???

51
Q

Ilium=?

A

pelvic bone

52
Q

Ileum=?

A

small intestine

53
Q

Proximal portion of the duodenum is (retro/intraperitoneal)

A

Intraperitoneal

54
Q

The more distal portion of the duodenum is (retro/intraperitoneal).

A

retroperitoneal

55
Q

What is the name of the ligament that oops over the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

A

Ligament of trietz

56
Q

What quadrant is the jejunum loops found in?

57
Q

What quadrant are ileum loops found?

58
Q

What vitamin is absorbed in the ileum?

59
Q

What is longer the jejunum or the ileum?

A

Smaller (approximately 2/5 of small intestine)`

60
Q

Retro/intraperintoneal?
Ascending colon
Transverse Colon
Descending colon

A

Ascending-retro
Transverse-intra
Descending-retr

61
Q

Retro/intraperintoneal?

Spleen?

A

Intraperitoneal

62
Q

Where is the spleen attached?

A

stomach-gastrosplenic ligament

L kidney-splenorenal ligament

63
Q

What structure of the pancreas is the spleen “intimate” with?

A

Tail of the pancreas

64
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

filters RBCs,
stores platelets
Lymph/immune fx.

65
Q

Retro/intraperintoneal?

Pancreas

A

Retroperitoneal space

66
Q

What is the head of the pancreas close to?

67
Q

the tail of the pancreas is close to the ____?

68
Q

Retro/intraperintoneal?

Liver

A

Intraperitoneal space

69
Q

What is the liver attached by?

A 
falciform ligament (anterior wall)
Lessor omentum
70
Q

What is the imaginary line between the gallbladder and IVC that demarcate the functional divisions of the liver?

A

Cantlie’s line

71
Q

How many anatomical lobes are there in the liver?

A

4
Functional right lobe (same an anatomic r lobe)
Functional left lobe (anatomic left, quadrate and caudate lobes)

72
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain into?

73
Q

Branches of Abd aorta from top down

A

Celiac trunk (splits into splenic and hepatic)
Renal arteries
Superior mescenteric artery
Inferior Mesenterica rtery

74
Q

Celiac trunk supplies?

A

Foregut

R and L hepatic and splenic artery

75
Q

Superior mesenteric artery supplies?

A

midgut - on top of duodenum-supplies the Mescentery

76
Q

Where does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

Caval foramen

77
Q

Where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

Esophageal hiatus

78
Q

What does the central tendon contain?

A

Caval foramen (IVC passes thoruhg)

Clinical Anatomy Final Exam (3 decks)

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