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Clinical Anatomy Final Exam > Module 9A and 9B Abdomen > Flashcards

Module 9A and 9B Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the abdominal cavity located?

A

thoracic diaphragm and pelvic inlet

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2
Q

What are the 9 regions called?
Center column top to bottom
Lateral columns top to bottom

A

Center column-
Epigastric
Umbilical
hypogastric

Lat columns-
Hypochondriac
Lumbar
Inguinal

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3
Q

What is located in the RUQ?

A 
Liver
GB
Pylorus of stomach, duodenum, Lg intestine (ascending)
Head of pancreas
R kidney
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4
Q

What is located in LUQ?

A 
L lobe of liver
jejunum, proximal ileum, Lg intestine (descendiing) L 1/2 of transverse
Spleen
Body and tail of pancreas
L kidney
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5
Q

What is located in RLQ?

A

Cecum, inferior portion of ascending LI, appendix
R ureter, bladder (if distended)
Reproductive structures

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6
Q

What is located in LLQ?

A

Sigmoid colon, inferor portion of descendning LI
L ureter, bladder (if distended)
reproductive structures

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7
Q

What are the names of the 2 fascial layers of the abdomen?

A

Campers
Scarpa’s
(if you go camping wear a scarf)

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8
Q

Campers = _______ fascia

A

Superficial fascia (fat)

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9
Q

Scarpa = _________

A

Layer of membranous tissue

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10
Q

Name the layers of the abdominal wall from outside to in

A 
Skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
External oblique
Internal olbique m.
Transverse abdominal muscle
Trasversali fascia
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum (lines the GI structures)
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11
Q

Which layer is continuous with other fascia layers in the perineum and reproductive organs?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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12
Q

What layer is contnious with the linea alba?

A

Transverse fascia

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13
Q

Attach: External oblique

A

Ribs 5-12–>linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior 1/2 of iliac crest

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14
Q

What structure folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament?

A

inferior aponeurosis of the external oblique m.

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15
Q

Attach: Internal oblique

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, ant. 2/3 of iliac crest, lat 1/2 of inguinal ligament.–>ribs 1-12, linea alba, pectin pubis

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16
Q

Attach: Transverse abd.

A

Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crst, lat 1/3 of inguinal ligament–>line alaba pectin pubis, pubic crest

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17
Q

Attach: rectus abd

A

Cosal cartilage ribs 5-7, xiphoid process–>Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

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18
Q

What innervates all of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

Thoracic nerves

***Internal abdique and transverse abd. also innervated by first lumbar nerve

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19
Q

What forms the rectus sheath?

A

aponeurosis of ext oblique, internal obliqe and transverse abd.

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20
Q

Where is the arcuate line?

A

Between umbilicus and pubic symphisis

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21
Q

what does the rectus sheath do above the arcuate line?

A

posterior portion covers the rectus abdominus

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22
Q

What does the rectus sheath do below the arcuate line?

A

Travels anterior to rectus abdominus.

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23
Q

What is the linea alba a attachment place for?

A

Transverse and oblique abd muscles.

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24
Q

What landmarks does the inguinal ligament fall between?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercele

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25
What are the contents of the inguinal canal?
Males: sperm cord and ilioinguinal nerve Female: round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve
26
What is the FLOOR of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament-In-curving (trough)
27
What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?
Superficial (external) | Deep (internal) ring
28
Indirect hernia. The bowel protrudes through _______ and ______?
Deep ring, | Descends through the canal
29
Direct hernia. The bowel protrudes through ______
Defect in the abdominal wall
30
What is the mc site of direct inguinal hernia?
Hesselbach's triangle
31
What is Hesselbach's triangle?
Lat border of rectus abdominus Inguinal ligament Inferior epigastric artery and vein
32
What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
aponeurosis of external oblique and some internal oblique fibers
33
What is the double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the stomach and the liver?
Lesser omentum
34
Peritoneal fold that hangs down from the greater curvature of the and and loops back up to attach to the transverse colon?
Greater omentum
35
Double layer of peritoneum that attaches an organ to and wall or other organ?
Peritoneal ligament. Ex-falciform ligament, gastrosplenic
36
Organs that are suspended and covered anteriorly and posteriorly by peritoneum - are considered to be _____
intraperitoneal (don't invaginate into the peritoneum during development)
37
Organs that are covered anteriorly by one layer of peritoneum are considered to be _____?
Retroperintoneal
38
What are the 3 divisions of and viscera?
Foregut midgut Hindgut
39
What is the blood supply of the foregut?
Celiac trunk
40
What is in the foregut?
Oropharynx to the hepatopacreatic ampula in the duodenum
41
What is in the Midgut?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla of the duodenum to distal 1/3 of transverse colon
42
What blood supply of the midgut?
superior mescenteric artery
43
What is in the hindgut?
Transverse colon to anus
44
What supplies blood to the hindgut?
Inferior mescenteric artery
45
What does the esophagus pass through when heading down through the diaphragm?
The esophageal hiatus
46
Retroperitoneal structures?
``` Duodenum Ascending and descendning colon rectum Most of pancreas!!!! Kidney and suprarenal gland Ureter Abd aorta and IVC ```
47
Intraperitoneal structures?
``` STomach Proximal jejunum Jejunum Ileum Transverse colon Sigmoid colon Tail of pancreas!!! spleen ```
48
Where is the tail of the pancreas located? Retro or intrarperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
49
What is the dividing line between the foregut and the midgut?
hepatopancreatic ampulla
50
What connects the stomach to the small intestine???
pyloric
51
Ilium=?
pelvic bone
52
Ileum=?
small intestine
53
Proximal portion of the duodenum is (retro/intraperitoneal)
Intraperitoneal
54
The more distal portion of the duodenum is (retro/intraperitoneal).
retroperitoneal
55
What is the name of the ligament that oops over the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm
Ligament of trietz
56
What quadrant is the jejunum loops found in?
LUQ
57
What quadrant are ileum loops found?
RLQ
58
What vitamin is absorbed in the ileum?
B12
59
What is longer the jejunum or the ileum?
Smaller (approximately 2/5 of small intestine)`
60
Retro/intraperintoneal? Ascending colon Transverse Colon Descending colon
Ascending-retro Transverse-intra Descending-retr
61
Retro/intraperintoneal? | Spleen?
Intraperitoneal
62
Where is the spleen attached?
stomach-gastrosplenic ligament | L kidney-splenorenal ligament
63
What structure of the pancreas is the spleen "intimate" with?
Tail of the pancreas
64
What does the spleen do?
filters RBCs, stores platelets Lymph/immune fx.
65
Retro/intraperintoneal? | Pancreas
Retroperitoneal space
66
What is the head of the pancreas close to?
duodenum
67
the tail of the pancreas is close to the ____?
spleen
68
Retro/intraperintoneal? | Liver
Intraperitoneal space
69
What is the liver attached by?
``` falciform ligament (anterior wall) Lessor omentum ```
70
What is the imaginary line between the gallbladder and IVC that demarcate the functional divisions of the liver?
Cantlie's line
71
How many anatomical lobes are there in the liver?
4 Functional right lobe (same an anatomic r lobe) Functional left lobe (anatomic left, quadrate and caudate lobes)
72
Where do the hepatic veins drain into?
IVC
73
Branches of Abd aorta from top down
Celiac trunk (splits into splenic and hepatic) Renal arteries Superior mescenteric artery Inferior Mesenterica rtery
74
Celiac trunk supplies?
Foregut | R and L hepatic and splenic artery
75
Superior mesenteric artery supplies?
midgut - on top of duodenum-supplies the Mescentery
76
Where does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?
Caval foramen
77
Where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?
Esophageal hiatus
78
What does the central tendon contain?
Caval foramen (IVC passes thoruhg)

Clinical Anatomy Final Exam (3 decks)

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