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Clinical Anatomy Final Exam > Module 10 Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Module 10 Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “line” that divides the pelvis?

A

Iliopectineal line (AKA pelvic brim)

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2
Q

What is the region above the iliopectineal line referred to as?

A

Pelvic major (false pelvis)

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3
Q

What is the region below the iliopectineal line referred to as?

A

Pelvic minor (true pelvis)

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4
Q

What are you sitting on right now?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

What does the iliopectineal line transform into in the pubis?

A

pectineal line

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior pelvic aperture-pelvic inlet (brim)

A

Poster-Promontor and ant border of ala
Lat-Iliopectineal line
Anter-Pubic symph, pectin puis, pubic crest

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior pelvic aperture-pelvic outlet?

A

Post-sacrum and coccyx
Lat-ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments
Ant-pubic symp, arcuate ligament, rami of pubis and ischium

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8
Q

So the superior pelvic outlet is looking from the ________ to the _______

A

top to the bottom

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9
Q

The inferior pelvic outlet is looking from the ______ to the _____

A

bottom to the top

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the major pelvis (false pelvis)

A

above the pelvic brim

and wall, iliac fossa, and L5-S1

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11
Q

What is contained in the major (false) pelvis?

A

Abdominal viscera (ileum of SI and sigmoid colon)

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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the minor (true) pelvis?

A

Below the pelvic brim
Above the pelvic outlet (floor)
Pelvic surfaces of hip bones, sacrum and coccyx

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13
Q

What is contained in the minor (true) pelvis?

A

Mostly reproductive organs

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14
Q

What forms the acetabulum?

A

Junction of 3 hip bones (hip socket)
Acetabular notch
lunate
margin

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15
Q

What forms the obturator foramen?

A

Rami of pubis and ischium

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16
Q

So the obturator foramen is different than the obturator canal how?

A

The foramen in the small hole in the ligamentous material contained in the foramen. The canal is where the obturator nerve comes through.

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17
Q

M/F? Larger bones?

A

Male

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18
Q

M/F? Shallower false pelvis?

A

Female

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19
Q

M/F? Oval shaped pelvic inlet?

A

Female

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20
Q

What shape is the males pelvic inlet?

A

heart shaped

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21
Q

What shape is the female obturator foramen?

A

Oval or triangular

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22
Q

What shape is the male obturator foramen?

A

round

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23
Q

What two ligaments maintain stability between Left and R pelvic bone?

A

Superior pubic ligament and Inferior pubic ligament

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24
Q

Where is most of the support in regards to the vertebropelvic ligaments?

A

Posterior region

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25
Q

Attachments-Iliolumbar ligament

A

L4/5-iliac crest

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26
Q

Attachments-Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Lateral sacrum/coccyx-Ischial tuberosity

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27
Q

Attachments-sacrospinous ligament

A

Caudal border of sacrum to ischial spine

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28
Q

What forms the anterior pelvic wall?

A

Pubic symphysis
Obturator internus
Body and rami of pubic bones

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29
Q

What forms the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Obturator internus

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30
Q

Attachm-obturator internus

A

Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium and obturator membrane—>Greater trochanter of femur

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31
Q

Innervation -obturator internus?

A

Obturator nerve

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32
Q

What forms the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Sacrum and portion of the ilium
SI joints and their ligaments
Piriformis muscle

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33
Q

Attach: Piriformis m.

A

sacral pelvis numb. 2 and 4, superior margin of sciatic notch, and sacrotuberous ligament–>Greater trochanter of femur

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34
Q

So both the muscles of the lateral and anterior pelvic wall attach up top and run down to where?

A

The Greater trochanter of the femur

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35
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the pelvis?

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Ischicoccygeus

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36
Q

What muscles are considered Levator Ani?

A

Pubrectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

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37
Q

What does Levator Ani do?

A

resists intraabdominal pressure

38
Q

Which is the U shaped muscle that is a “lasso” around the anorectal junction?

A

Puborectalis

39
Q

Where does the Levator Ani attach?

A

Body of pubis, obturator membrane, and ischial spine—->Coccyx, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum and anal canal

40
Q

Where does the common iliac artery bifurcate?

A

L4

41
Q

Which artery passes through the false pelvis only?

A

External iliac artery

42
Q

Which vessel in the pelvis becomes the femoral artery?

A

External iliac artery

43
Q

Posterior division of internal iliac provides blood to _____?

A

The organs

44
Q

Anterior division of the internal iliac artery provides blood to ______?

A

Outside wall of the pelvis

45
Q

Where does the Ilioinguinal nerve go?

A

passes inferolateral and anterior to quadratus lumborum

46
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

skin-suprapubic and inguinal

motor-abdominals

47
Q

Where does the femoral nerve go?

A

Lateral to blood vessel as it enters thigh deep to inguinal ligament

48
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Posterior divisions
Hip flexors
Extensors of knee

49
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Anterior diviisons, adductors of the thigh

50
Q

Sacral plexus divides into _____ and ______

A

Posterior division (common peroneal) and Anterior division (tibial nerve)

51
Q

Where is the urinary bladder located?

A

in the true pelvis (below the brim)

52
Q

What is the name of the part of the posterior wall that is made of specialized smooth muscle of the bladder wall?

A

Trigone

53
Q

What is the smooth muscle that lines the walls of the bladder called?

A

detrusor

54
Q

What is the skeletal muscle that forms a sphincter around the urethra as it passes through the urogenital diaphragm?

A

External urethral sphincter

55
Q

What is the smooth muscle that forms a sphincter at the junction the bladder and urethra?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

56
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules

57
Q

How do the testes develop?

A

Retroperitoneally and descend into the scrotum

58
Q

What are the three parts of the epididymis?

A

Head, body tail

59
Q

What are the functions of the epididymis?

A

Storage and maturation of sperm

Propulsion of sperm into ductus deferns

60
Q

Where does the ductus deferens begin?

A

Epididymus tail

61
Q

Where does the ductus deferens enter the pelvis?

A

Deep inguinal ring

62
Q

Where does the ductus deferens end?

A

At the ampulla of the ductus deferent where it merges with the semnal vesicle and becomes the ejaculatory duct

63
Q

What does epididymis contain that is good for sperm?

A

fructose (nutrition)

64
Q

What is Florence’s test?

A

Test to determine if fructose and choline (which is not produced anywhere in the body except the seminal vesicles) is present on sexual assault victims.

65
Q

What does the prostate produce?

A

Fluid that combines with sperm and fluid of bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicle to produce semen (seminal fluid)

66
Q

Which lobe of the prostate is MC to hypertrophy?

A

Posterior lobe

67
Q

Which lobe of the prostates is MC to develop BPH?

A

Middle lobe

68
Q

What doe bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

(Cowper’s Gland)-Muscus like secretion

69
Q

T/F scrotum is a cutaneous pouch that contains fat as well as reproductive organs?

A

F-No fat in the scrot!

70
Q

What is contained in the Scrotum?

A

Testes and epididymis

71
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum consistent with?

A

Layers of the abdominal wall.

72
Q

What is the cremaster muscle a continuation of?

A

Internal oblique muscle

73
Q

What part of the penis fills with 90% of the blood?

A

Cavernosa

74
Q

What forms the body of the penis

A

Corpus spongiosum

Corpus cavernosa

75
Q

The root of the penis contains what?

A

Crura

bulb

76
Q

The head of the penis is formed by what?

A

Terminal corpus spongiosum

77
Q

Where does the urethra pass through?

A

corpus spongiosum

78
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic
Membranous (peroneum)
Spongy (cavernous)

79
Q

What do the ovaries secrete?

A

estrogen

progesterone

80
Q

Where is the uterus located?

A

between the rectum and the bladder

81
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium (outer)
Myometrium (middle)
endometrium (inner)

82
Q

What is the MC gynecological malignancy?

A

Cervical cancer

83
Q

Front to back order of openings external landmarks of the vagina?

A 
Clitoris 
Vestibule
Vestibule contains:
Urethra
vaginal opening
84
Q

Define the perineum

A

Diamond shaped space that is part of the pelvic outlet

85
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

A 
Ant- Pubic symphisis 
Ant/Lat-Ischiopubic rami
Lat- Ischial tubero
Post/Lat-Sacrotuberous lig
Post-Coccyx
86
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the perineal triangle?

A

Urogenital triangle

anal triangle

87
Q

What are the subdivisions of the urogenital triangle?

A

Superficial perineal space

Deep perineal space

88
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial perineal space?

A

Ischiocavernosus m.
Bulbospongiousus m.
Superficial transverse perineal m.

89
Q

What is the space located between the superficial perineal fascia (collets fascia) and inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm called?

A

Superficial perineal space

90
Q

What is the space located between inferior fascia of origin diaphragm and superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm called?

A

Deep perineal space

91
Q

What are the muscles of the anal triangle?

A

Obturator internus
Levator ani
Sphincter ani externus
coccygeus

Clinical Anatomy Final Exam (3 decks)

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