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Clinical Anatomy Final Exam > Module 8 Leg/ankle/foot > Flashcards

Module 8 Leg/ankle/foot Flashcards

1
Q

Sacral plexus Divides into 2 branches called

A

Common peroneal and tibial nerves

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2
Q

Common perennial (fibular nerve does what?

A
  • wraps around head of fibula

- Divides into superficial and deep peroneal nerves

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3
Q

What is the clinical correlation for the common peroneal fibular nerve?

A

Common site for nerve injury

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4
Q

What does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?

A

Fibularis longus/brevis and skin and distal 1/3 of anterior surface of leg and dorsal foot

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5
Q

What does the deep peroneal nerve supply?

A

Anterior muscles of leg, dorm along web of foot

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6
Q

What does the tibial nerve branch of to?

A

Medial plantar nerve and Lateral plantar nerve.

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7
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

posterior muscles of leg, knee joint and sensation along posteriolateral leg and plantar surface of foot

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8
Q

Where does the tibial nerve divide?

A

in the foot (plantar side)

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9
Q

What does the tibial nerve divide in to?

A

Medial plantar-supplies medial plantar intrinsic m.

Lateral plantar-supplies lateral plantar intrinsic m.

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10
Q

What is Morton’s neuroma?

A

neuroma develops at the anastomosis between medial and lateral plantar nerves

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11
Q

What are the 3 major cutaneous branches that provide sensation of the SKIN of the leg?

A

Saphenous
Sural
Superficial branch of peroneal (fibular) nerve

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12
Q

What does the saphenous nerve innervate

A

Medial cutaneous surface of the leg and foot

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13
Q

The sural nerve is a branch of the ______ nerve and supplies what?

A

Sciatic nerve

Posterior region down to foot.

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14
Q

These two nerves are in the posterior compartment but one innervates the skin and one innervates the muscles?

A

Tibial nerve innervates the muscles

Sural nerve innervates the skin

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15
Q

What are the major branches of the ______ nerve that supply the DORSUM of the foot?

A

Peroneal nerve
Superficial peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal nerve

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16
Q

The major branches of the _______ nerve that supply the PLANTAR surface of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve

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17
Q

What nerve supplies the cutaneous innervation for the 1st interdigital web?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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18
Q

What does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?

A

Dorsum of the foot

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19
Q

What vessel passes through the adductor canal and becomes the popliteal?

A

the femoral artery

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20
Q

What does the popliteal divide into?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial artery

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21
Q

Anterior tibial artery descends anterior to the ______ membrane and terminates as the _______.

A

anterior to the interosseous membrane.

Dorsalis pedis artery

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22
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the dorsalis pedis?

A

Dorsalis pedis pulse

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23
Q

What vessels branch off the posterior tibial artery

A

Peroneal artery

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24
Q

Where does the peroneal artery come from and where does it go to and what does it supply?

A
  • popliteal artery divides into posterior and anterior tib
  • Posterior tib travels 1/3 of the way down the leg and then the peroneal artery branches off of that. This supplies the pulse that is felt behind the lateral malleolus.
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25
when the posterior tib continues on after branching off to the peroneal what does it supply?
Medial plantar artery | Lateral plantar artery
26
What arteries supply the plantar arch?
Medial plantar artery | and Lateral plantar artery
27
What are the three regions of the foot?
Hindfoot Midfoot Forefoot
28
What are the bones of the hindfoot?
Talus | Calcaneous
29
What are the bones of the midfoot?
Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms
30
What are the bones of the forefoot?
Metatarsals | Phalanges
31
What bone is the "key player" and drives mid and forefoot in pivoting?
Navicular
32
What forms the talocrural joint?
aka-mortise and tenon joint Tibia, fibula form the mortise Talus (trochlea) forms the tenon
33
What is the primary action of the ankle joint?
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
34
When is the ankle more stable?
When in dorsiflexion
35
What are the 2 ligaments of the ankle
Deltoid (medial collateral) - (D's) | Lateral Collateral
36
What are the 3 sections of the lateral collateral ligament?
1. Anterior talofibular 2. Posterior talofibular 3. Calcaneofibular
37
What does the deltoid ligament protect against
eversion
38
What does the lateral collateral ankle ligament protect against
inversion
39
What is the classic site of the ankle sprain?
Anterior talofibular
40
What joint divides the hindfoot and midfoot?
TCN and transverse tarsal joint
41
What is the site of a Lisfanc amputation or sprain?
Tarsal metatarsal joint
42
What is the action of the metatarsalphalangeal joint?
Primary flexion/extension of phalanges but can abduct/adduct
43
What are the 3 compartments of the leg?
Anterior Crural Dorsiflexor extensor compartment lateral crural compartment posterior crural compartment
44
what is the largest of the 3 compartments?
Posterior crural compartment
45
What are the components of the lateral compartment?
Peroneal longus and brevis | Superficial peroneal nerve
46
What are the components of the superficial posterior compartment
Gastrocnemius soleus plantaris (tendon)
47
What are the components of the anterior compartment?
``` Anterior tibialis Extensor hallicis longus Extensor digitorum longus peroneus tertius Deep peroneal nerve ```
48
What are the components of the deep posterior compartment?
``` Posterior tibialis Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum Longus Popliteus Tibial nerve ```
49
What innervates ALL of the anterior compartment?
Deep Fibular nerve
50
What supplies blood to ALL of the anterior compartment?
Anterior tibial artery (becomes dorsalis pedis)
51
Attachments for the Anterior tibialis
Lateral condyle tibia --> Medial surface of cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
52
Attachments for Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral condyle of tibia --->Middle and distal phalange of lateral four digits
53
Attachments for Extensor Hallucis longus
Middle of fibula and interosseous membrane --->Dorsal side base of great toe
54
Attachments for Fibularis Tertius
Anterior third of fibula and inteross. membrane --->Dorsum of base of 5th toe
55
What artery goes through the lateral crural compartment?
There is NO artery in the lat. crural compartment
56
What nerve supplies the lateral crural compartment?
Superficial fibular nerve
57
Attachments for fibularis longus
Head of superior lat surface of fibula--->plantar side of great toe.
58
Attachment for Fibularis brevis
Distal second 1/2 of the fibula--->Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lat side of 5th metatarsal
59
sooooo....the Lateral compartment attachments are all...
On the fibula. 1 runs to the great toe on plantar-Fibularis longus the other funs to the lateral side of 5th toe
60
Anterior compartment attachments | 2 and 2
2-- on lateral tibia-tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus 2-- on the anterior tibia-extensor hallucis longus, and fibularis tertius ALL of the anterior compartment lands on the dorsal side of the foot
61
Attachments of the medial and lateral gastroc.
Lateral gastroc-lateral aspect of femoral condyle Medial gastroc-Popliteal surface of femur ----->Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
62
Attachment of the soleus
Posterior tib and medial tib --->Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanceal tendon
63
Attachment of the plantaris
distal femur (supracondylar line)--->posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
64
Attachment of the popliteus
Looks like the supinator | Lateral condyle of the femur--->wraps around and lands on the posterior Tibia
65
Attachments for Flexor Hallucis longus
Inferior 2/3 of post fibula and interosseous---->Plantar portion of distal phalanx of great toe
66
Attachments for Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior tibia and interosseous-->plantar part of all the digits
67
Attachment for tibialis posterior
Interosseous membrane and the fib and tib-->Weird meshy stuff at the plantar part of the Navicular, cuneiform and cuboid and bases of metatarsals 2, 3,4
68
What innervates the entire posterior crural layer?
Tibial nerve - muscles | Sural nerve supplies the skin
69
Where does the longitudinal arch extend from-to?
from calcaneus to metatarsal heads (2 portions medial and lateral)
70
What muscles provide support for the longitudinal arch?
Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
71
What is the difference between the Long plantar ligament and the plantar fascia?
Plantar fascia is much more superficial
72
What ligaments support the arch?
Long plantar Short plantar Spring ligament Plantar aponeurosis
73
Which ligament bears most of the load in maintaining the arch?
Plantar aponeurosis
74
What muscular sling provides support for the Transverse arch?
Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
75
What muscles are in the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor Hallucis Brevis | Extensor Digitorum Brevis
76
What is the attachment for the Extensor Hallicus Brevis?
Dorsal calcaneus-->Lateral side of base prox phalanx of big toe
77
What is the attachment for Extensor Digitorum brevis?
Dorsal and lateral calcaneus-->Lateral side of tendon of EDL for 2, 3, 4th toe
78
What innervates the 2 dorsal foot muscles?
Deep fibular nerve
79
What is the blood supply for the Dorsum of the foot?
Dorsalis pedis artery which comes off of the Anterior tibia
80
What muscles are in the 1st layer of the plantar side of the foot?
Abductor Hallucis Flexor digitorum Brevis Abductor Digit Minimi
81
Attachment-Abductor Hallucis
Med tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis--->Medial base of prox phalanx of 1st digit
82
Attachment-Flexor digitorum Brevis
Medial tubercle of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and inter muscular septa-->Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
83
Attachment -Abductor digiti minimi
Med and lat tubercles of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and inter muscular septa-->lateral side of base of prox phalanx of 5th digit
84
SO-as far as attachments go the First layer of the foot attaches on the ______ and goes to ____ ____ ____
``` Calcaneus , plantar aponeurosis ---- 1st 2-4 5th digit respectively ```
85
The second layer of the Plantar foot muscles is?
Quadratus plantae | Lumbricals
86
Attachment-Quadratus plantae
Medial surface of lateral plantar surface of calcaneus--->Post-lat margin of FDL tendon
87
Attachment-Lumbricals
Tendons of FDL-->medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
88
What innervates the first layer of the plantar portion of the foot?
plantar nerves (which comes off of the tibial nerve) Median-Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis Lateral-Abductor digiti minimi
89
What innervates the second layer of the plantar portion of the foot?
Plantar nerves (which comes off of the tibial nerve) Lateral-Quadratus plantae, and lumbrical 1 Median-Lumbricals 2-4
90
Which is the larger of the 2 terminal tibial nerve branches?
Medial plantar nerve
91
What is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery?
Dorsalis pedis Deep plantar Arcuate artery
92
What is the continuation of the posterior tibial artery?
Medial plantar artery | Lateral plantar artery

Clinical Anatomy Final Exam (3 decks)

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