Module 9 - TBI Flashcards
Define TBI.
Traumatic Brain Injury is defined as an insult to the brain that is caused by an external force. Symptoms resulting from TBI may be temporary or permanent depending upon the extent of the neurological damage.
Name 2 TBI Associations.
1) Centre for Neuro Skills (CNS)
2) Brain Injury Association of America (BIAUSA)
What is the age of onset?
15-24
When is the gender influence?
males 2:1
What is the prevalence?
2.5-6.5 million
What is the incidence rate?
1.7 million, 25% (450,000 are severe)
What is the mortality rate?
50,000
Name some diagnostic procedures.
CT MRI PET SPECT fMRI
PET:
Positron Emission Tomography
radio active glucose is injected into the brain
amygdala - rage/depression issues
SPECT:
Single-Photon Emission CT
gamma rays
Name primary injuries.
focal injury diffuse axonal injury (DAI) - uses DTI to tract fibers in brain and see how things are connected drugs blunt MVA
Name secondary injuries.
hypoxic-ischemic injury intracranial hematoma open wounds s.t. injuries fx SPI peripheral n. injury internal organ injury
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) patients also present as:
Parkinson’s
The Glascow Outcome Scale shows:
Dead
Vegetative
Degree of Disability (severe, moderate, good recovery)
What are the levels of consciousness?
concussion
stupor
coma
persistent vegetative state
What are the Rancho Los Amigos Levels?
1: No response
2: Generalized response
3: Localized response
4: Confused-Agitated
5: Confused-Inappropriate
6: Confused-Appropriate
7: Automatic-Appropriate
8: Purposeful-Appropriate
9: PA Stand by Assist (request)
10: PA-Modified Independent
What are the levels of total assist?
1-3, does not respond well
What are the levels of max assist?
4 & 5, nothing gets carried over (1-2 weeks)
What are the levels of mod to min assist?
6 & 7, realization of what not to do, understand but confused w/ details (can’t do outside schedule)
What are the levels of stand by assist/request/modified?
8-10, can problem solve
What are factors that influence rehab?
pre-mobid status including previous sizable neuronal loss secondary to brain injury, or age, usually results in a much worse brain injury
What drug is used for seizures?
Dilantin
What drug is used for spasticity?
Baclofen
What drug is used for antipsychotics?
Haldol
