Module 9 - TBI

Question 1

Define TBI.

Answer 1

Traumatic Brain Injury is defined as an insult to the brain that is caused by an external force. Symptoms resulting from TBI may be temporary or permanent depending upon the extent of the neurological damage.

Question 2

Name 2 TBI Associations.

Answer 2

1) Centre for Neuro Skills (CNS)

2) Brain Injury Association of America (BIAUSA)

Question 3

What is the age of onset?

Answer 3

15-24

Question 4

When is the gender influence?

Answer 4

males 2:1

Question 5

What is the prevalence?

Answer 5

2.5-6.5 million

Question 6

What is the incidence rate?

Answer 6

1.7 million, 25% (450,000 are severe)

Question 7

What is the mortality rate?

Answer 7

50,000

Question 8

Name some diagnostic procedures.

Answer 8

CT
MRI
PET
SPECT
fMRI

Question 9

PET:

Answer 9

Positron Emission Tomography
radio active glucose is injected into the brain
amygdala - rage/depression issues

Question 10

SPECT:

Answer 10

Single-Photon Emission CT

gamma rays

Question 11

Name primary injuries.

Answer 11

focal injury
diffuse axonal injury (DAI) - uses DTI to tract fibers in brain and see how things are connected
drugs
blunt
MVA

Question 12

Name secondary injuries.

Answer 12

hypoxic-ischemic injury
intracranial hematoma
open wounds
s.t. injuries
fx
SPI
peripheral n. injury
internal organ injury

Question 13

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) patients also present as:

Answer 13

Parkinson’s

Question 14

The Glascow Outcome Scale shows:

Answer 14

Dead
Vegetative
Degree of Disability (severe, moderate, good recovery)

Question 15

What are the levels of consciousness?

Answer 15

concussion
stupor
coma
persistent vegetative state

Question 16

What are the Rancho Los Amigos Levels?

Answer 16

1: No response
2: Generalized response
3: Localized response
4: Confused-Agitated
5: Confused-Inappropriate
6: Confused-Appropriate
7: Automatic-Appropriate
8: Purposeful-Appropriate
9: PA Stand by Assist (request)
10: PA-Modified Independent

Question 17

What are the levels of total assist?

Answer 17

1-3, does not respond well

Question 18

What are the levels of max assist?

Answer 18

4 & 5, nothing gets carried over (1-2 weeks)

Question 19

What are the levels of mod to min assist?

Answer 19

6 & 7, realization of what not to do, understand but confused w/ details (can’t do outside schedule)

Question 20

What are the levels of stand by assist/request/modified?

Answer 20

8-10, can problem solve

Question 21

What are factors that influence rehab?

Answer 21

pre-mobid status including previous sizable neuronal loss secondary to brain injury, or age, usually results in a much worse brain injury

Question 22

What drug is used for seizures?

Answer 22

Dilantin

Question 23

What drug is used for spasticity?

Answer 23

Baclofen

Question 24

What drug is used for antipsychotics?

Answer 24

Haldol

Question 25

What drug is used for arousal?

Answer 25

Sinemet

Question 26

What drug is used for disinhibited behavior?

Answer 26

Atenolol

Question 27

What drugs is used for pain?

Answer 27

Vicodin

Question 28

What drug is used for insomnia?

Answer 28

Ambien

Question 29

What drug is used for depression?

Answer 29

Paxil

Question 30

What drug is used for nausea/gastric stasis?

Answer 30

Reglan

Question 31

What is heterotopic ossification?

Answer 31

joints get irritated and joins in bones, keep them moving!