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Neuroanatomy > Module 12 - Parkinson's > Flashcards

Module 12 - Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

With Parkinson’s which areas does the disease effect?

A 
Basal Ganglia
Striatum
Globus Pallidus
Subthalamic Nucleus
Substantia Nigra
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2
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms?

A

Rigidity (cogwheel/leadpipe)
Tremor (resting & postural)
Postural instability
Bradykinesia (hesistation, freezing)

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3
Q

What classification is used with Parkinson’s?

A

Hoehn and Yahr

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4
Q

Describe Primary.

A

78% of all disorders

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5
Q

Describe Secondary.

A

Post-infectious
Toxic
Metabolic

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6
Q

Describe Parkinson-Plus Syndromes.

A 
Multiple system atrophy (MAS)
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
Alzheimer's disease
Huntington's disease
Wilson's disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
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7
Q

What is level 1 of Hoehn and Yahr?

A

Minimal or absent; unilateral if present

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8
Q

What is level 2 of Hoehn and Yahr?

A

Minimal bilateral or midline involvement. Balance not impaired.

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9
Q

What is level 3 of Hoehn and Yahr?

A

Impaired righting reflexes. Unsteadiness when rising from chair. Some activities are restricted, but patient can live independently and continue some forms of employment.

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10
Q

What is level 4 of Hoehn and Yahr?

A

All symptoms present and severe. Standing and walking possible only with assistance.

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11
Q

What is level 5 of Hoehn and Yahr?

A

Confined to bed or wheelchair.

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12
Q

What drug is used for Early PD?

A

Deprenyl

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13
Q

What drug is used for Middle PD?

A

Sinemet (Levodopa), dopamine replacement

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14
Q

What drug is used for Late PD?

A

Bromocriptine

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15
Q

What is the surgical procedure Pallidotomy?

A

destructive lesion in sensomotor portion of globus padillus

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16
Q

What is the surgical procedure Thalamotomy?

A

ventral intermediate nucleus

17
Q

What is the surgical procedure Deep Brain Stimulation?

A

block nerve signals

18
Q

Percentage of Neuroprotection:

A

=< 20% dopamine loss

19
Q

Percentage of Neurostoration:

A

21%-60%

20
Q

Percentage of Compensation:

A

> 60%

21
Q

Exercise is a legitimate disease modifying therapeutic option in PD:

A 
Stimulate proliferation of new neurons
Alter metabolic and immune responses
Increase blood supply
Protect against natural neurogeneration
Develop an external cue to help with freezing episodes

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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