Module 10 - SPI

Question 0

Name a spinal cord association.

Answer 0

National Spinal Cord Association

Question 1

What is spinal cord?

Answer 1

Begins with a sudden traumatic blow to the spine that fractures or dislocates vertebrae and destroys axons.

Question 2

What is the age onset of SCI?

Answer 2

33

Question 3

What is the gender influence?

Answer 3

Males 4:1

Question 4

What is the prevalence of SCI?

Answer 4

270,000

Question 5

What is the incidence rate of SCI?

Answer 5

12,000

Question 6

What are the diagnostic procedures?

Answer 6

X-Ray
CT
MRI

Question 7

What percentage of SCI occurs with MVA?

Answer 7

39.2%

Question 8

What phase of treatment is the most important?

Answer 8

Stabilization

Question 9

What do you use to fixate the spine?

Answer 9

Fuse
Rods
Halo
Collars
TLSO
LSO

Question 10

Which stage is the most difficult?

Answer 10

Early

Question 11

What can you do to help blood pressure before getting a quadriplegic up?

Answer 11

Move slowly
Arms first
Meds
Compression pads/socks

Question 12

What is the treatment order?

Answer 12

Stabilization
Fixation
Rehab
Func recovery
Comm re-entry

Question 13

What is the lowest level for independence?

Answer 13

C7 - elbow extensors

Question 14

What is ASIA A complete?

Answer 14

No sensory or motor function preserved in sacral segments S4-S5

Question 15

What is ASIA B incomplete?

Answer 15

Sensory but not motor function below neurological and includes sacral segments S4-S5

Question 16

What is ASIA C incomplete?

Answer 16

Motor function is preserved below neurological, and more than half of key muscles below neurological level have a muscle grade less than 3

Question 17

What is ASIA D incomplete?

Answer 17

Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of key muscles below neurological have a muscle grade greater than or equal to 3

Question 18

What is ASIA E normal?

Answer 18

Sensory and motor function is normal

Question 19

What is a quadriplegia (tetraplegia)?

Answer 19

Paralysis of all 4 extremities and trunk resulting from cervical spine lesion

Question 20

What is a paraplegia?

Answer 20

Paralysis of part of trunk and both lower extremities from thoracic, lumbar, or cauda equina lesion

Question 21

What ate the 3 ways to measure level?

Answer 21

Neurolocial
Motor
Sensory

Question 22

What is the neurological level?

Answer 22

Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal motor and sensory function bilaterally

Question 23

What is the motor level?

Answer 23

Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal motor function bilaterally

Question 24

What is sensory level?

Answer 24

Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal sensory function bilaterally

Question 25

What are the 3 types of level injury?

Answer 25

Complete Incomplete Zones of partial preservation

Question 26

What is complete injury?

Answer 26

No sensory or motor function in lowest sacral segments (S4-5)

Question 27

What is incomplete injury?

Answer 27

Sensory and/or motor function below the neurological level including sensory of S4-5

Question 28

What is the zones of partial preservation?

Answer 28

Sensory and/or motor function below the neurological level excluding S4-5

Question 29

What are the different types of classification for syndromes?

Answer 29

``` Anterior cord Posterior cord Central cord Brown-sequard Conus medullaris lesion Cauda equina lesion ```

Question 30

What is anterior cord syndrome?

Answer 30

Lesion involving anterior two thirds of spinal cord; posterior columns preserved; variable loss of motor function (corticalspinal tract) and sensitivity to pain/temperature, pinprick sensation (spinothalamic tract); preservation of proprioception/light touch Sensory but not motor

Question 31

What is posterior cord syndrome?

Answer 31

Lesion involving posterior columns, proprioceptive loss (dorsal column); pain, temperature, light touch are preserved; variable motor function preserved Rare, walk but don't know where limbs are, has motor

Question 32

What is central cord syndrome?

Answer 32

Lesion involving center of the spinal cord; sacral sensory sparing, greater motor weakness in UE than LE; bladder dysfunction, most commonly urinary retention; variations sensory loss below level of lesion Arms are involved, walking okay

Question 33

What is brown-sequard syndrome?

Answer 33

Lesion involving spinal cord hemi-seection; ipsilateral motor and proprioception deficits; contralateral pain and temperature deficits Hemiplegia presentation Half

Question 34

What is conus medullaris lesion?

Answer 34

Lesion involving injury to the sacral cord (conus) and lumbar nerve roots within the spinal canal; usually results in areflexic bladder and bowel; areflexic lower limbs (low lesion)

Question 35

What is cauda equina lesion?

Answer 35

Lesion involving injury to the cauda equina; lower motor neuron; results in areflexic bladder, bowel and lower limbs

Question 36

What happens below with injury below the equina cauda?

Answer 36

Peripheral n. can grow back but nit after 1 year

Question 37

What is the drug used for acute SCI, swelling?

Answer 37

Medrol

Question 38

What is the drug used for OH?

Answer 38

Ephedrine

Question 39

What are some direct imparments?

Answer 39

``` Spinal shock Autonomic dysreflexia Orthostatic hypotension Thermoregulation impairment Respiration impairment Spasticity Bladder and bowel dysfunction Sexual dysfunction ```

Question 40

What are some indirect inpairments?

Answer 40

Respiratory complications Pressure sores (S1: sunburn, 2: epidermis, 3: M/T) DVT Contractures Heterotropic (Ectopic) Ossification - extra bones in joint Pain