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Neuroanatomy > Module 10 - SPI > Flashcards

Module 10 - SPI Flashcards

0
Q

Name a spinal cord association.

A

National Spinal Cord Association

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1
Q

What is spinal cord?

A

Begins with a sudden traumatic blow to the spine that fractures or dislocates vertebrae and destroys axons.

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2
Q

What is the age onset of SCI?

A

33

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3
Q

What is the gender influence?

A

Males 4:1

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4
Q

What is the prevalence of SCI?

A

270,000

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5
Q

What is the incidence rate of SCI?

A

12,000

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6
Q

What are the diagnostic procedures?

A

X-Ray
CT
MRI

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7
Q

What percentage of SCI occurs with MVA?

A

39.2%

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8
Q

What phase of treatment is the most important?

A

Stabilization

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9
Q

What do you use to fixate the spine?

A 
Fuse
Rods
Halo
Collars
TLSO
LSO
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10
Q

Which stage is the most difficult?

A

Early

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11
Q

What can you do to help blood pressure before getting a quadriplegic up?

A

Move slowly
Arms first
Meds
Compression pads/socks

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12
Q

What is the treatment order?

A 
Stabilization
Fixation
Rehab
Func recovery
Comm re-entry
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13
Q

What is the lowest level for independence?

A

C7 - elbow extensors

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14
Q

What is ASIA A complete?

A

No sensory or motor function preserved in sacral segments S4-S5

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15
Q

What is ASIA B incomplete?

A

Sensory but not motor function below neurological and includes sacral segments S4-S5

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16
Q

What is ASIA C incomplete?

A

Motor function is preserved below neurological, and more than half of key muscles below neurological level have a muscle grade less than 3

17
Q

What is ASIA D incomplete?

A

Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of key muscles below neurological have a muscle grade greater than or equal to 3

18
Q

What is ASIA E normal?

A

Sensory and motor function is normal

19
Q

What is a quadriplegia (tetraplegia)?

A

Paralysis of all 4 extremities and trunk resulting from cervical spine lesion

20
Q

What is a paraplegia?

A

Paralysis of part of trunk and both lower extremities from thoracic, lumbar, or cauda equina lesion

21
Q

What ate the 3 ways to measure level?

A

Neurolocial
Motor
Sensory

22
Q

What is the neurological level?

A

Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal motor and sensory function bilaterally

23
Q

What is the motor level?

A

Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal motor function bilaterally

24
Q

What is sensory level?

A

Most caudal level of spinal cord with normal sensory function bilaterally

25
Q

What are the 3 types of level injury?

A

Complete
Incomplete
Zones of partial preservation

26
Q

What is complete injury?

A

No sensory or motor function in lowest sacral segments (S4-5)

27
Q

What is incomplete injury?

A

Sensory and/or motor function below the neurological level including sensory of S4-5

28
Q

What is the zones of partial preservation?

A

Sensory and/or motor function below the neurological level excluding S4-5

29
Q

What are the different types of classification for syndromes?

A 
Anterior cord
Posterior cord
Central cord
Brown-sequard
Conus medullaris lesion
Cauda equina lesion
30
Q

What is anterior cord syndrome?

A

Lesion involving anterior two thirds of spinal cord; posterior columns preserved; variable loss of motor function (corticalspinal tract) and sensitivity to pain/temperature, pinprick sensation (spinothalamic tract); preservation of proprioception/light touch

Sensory but not motor

31
Q

What is posterior cord syndrome?

A

Lesion involving posterior columns, proprioceptive loss (dorsal column); pain, temperature, light touch are preserved; variable motor function preserved

Rare, walk but don’t know where limbs are, has motor

32
Q

What is central cord syndrome?

A

Lesion involving center of the spinal cord; sacral sensory sparing, greater motor weakness in UE than LE; bladder dysfunction, most commonly urinary retention; variations sensory loss below level of lesion

Arms are involved, walking okay

33
Q

What is brown-sequard syndrome?

A

Lesion involving spinal cord hemi-seection; ipsilateral motor and proprioception deficits; contralateral pain and temperature deficits

Hemiplegia presentation
Half

34
Q

What is conus medullaris lesion?

A

Lesion involving injury to the sacral cord (conus) and lumbar nerve roots within the spinal canal; usually results in areflexic bladder and bowel; areflexic lower limbs (low lesion)

35
Q

What is cauda equina lesion?

A

Lesion involving injury to the cauda equina; lower motor neuron; results in areflexic bladder, bowel and lower limbs

36
Q

What happens below with injury below the equina cauda?

A

Peripheral n. can grow back but nit after 1 year

37
Q

What is the drug used for acute SCI, swelling?

A

Medrol

38
Q

What is the drug used for OH?

A

Ephedrine

39
Q

What are some direct imparments?

A 
Spinal shock
Autonomic dysreflexia
Orthostatic hypotension
Thermoregulation impairment
Respiration impairment
Spasticity
Bladder and bowel dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction
40
Q

What are some indirect inpairments?

A

Respiratory complications
Pressure sores (S1: sunburn, 2: epidermis, 3: M/T)
DVT
Contractures
Heterotropic (Ectopic) Ossification - extra bones in joint
Pain

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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