Module 9 natives of North America Flashcards
What were the primary North American native civilizations?
Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian Culture
These civilizations were located primarily in the Midwest and southeastern regions of North America.
Where did the Native Americans who settled the Western Hemisphere migrate from?
Bering Strait in modern-day Russia and Alaska
This migration led to the diffusion of peoples across North and South America.
What are the three categories of North American history?
Early Woodland, Middle Woodland, Late Woodland
These periods mark significant cultural and societal developments.
What significant developments occurred during the Early Woodland period?
Flow of peoples, establishment of trade, mound-building, use of ceramics
This period lasted from 1000 BC to 200 BC.
What cultural shift occurred during the Middle Woodland period?
Cultural shift to the Midwest
This period lasted from 200 BC to AD 500.
What were the three main crops produced by Native Americans?
Maize, beans, squash
These crops are collectively known as the ‘Three Sisters.’
Which tribes were among the earliest known in North America?
Adena, Hopewell
The Adena thrived in the Early Woodland period, while the Hopewell thrived in the Middle Woodland period.
What was the most impressive city established by the Mississippian Culture?
Cahokia
Located near modern St. Louis, it was home to more than twenty thousand people.
What characterized the society around Cahokia?
Highly stratified societies organized as chiefdoms
There was a sharp divide between elites and commoners.
What type of language speakers dominated the southeastern heartland before European arrival?
Speakers of Muskogean languages
These included tribes like the Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws.
What was one of the most powerful Native American alliances?
Iroquois Confederacy
Made up of five separate tribes, it was respected by Europeans.
True or False: Native Americans kept written records of their history.
False
Knowledge about them comes from European observations or archaeological finds.
What major change did the arrival of Europeans bring to Plains Native Americans?
Introduction of horses
Horses were brought by the Spanish and transformed the culture of Plains Native Americans.
Fill in the blank: The horse culture associated with Native Americans did not exist before the arrival of _______.
Europeans
Horses had long been extinct in North America before this time.
What challenges did Plains Native Americans face before the arrival of horses?
Limited mobility and numbers due to lack of transportation
The sparse water and structure made it difficult to thrive.
What is a significant archaeological site associated with the Adena and Hopewell tribes?
Great Serpent Mound
This impressive mound is located in western Ohio.
What were the two main issues with European records about Native Americans?
Only considered observations at arrival, biased against traditions
This affects the clarity of the historical understanding of Native American cultures.
What was the relationship between horses and Native American history post-European arrival?
Horses became inextricably linked with Native American culture
Their arrival significantly altered the way of life for Plains Native Americans.
