Module 9: Nanotechnology and its Impacts on our Society Flashcards
the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all other science fields as chemistry, biology, physics, material science, and engineering.
Nanotechnology
Where did the ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology start?
1959, with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech)
He described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules.
Richard Feynman
When where was the term nanotechnology first used?
The term nanotechnology was used first by the Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi (1912-1999) in a 1974 paper on production technology that creates objects and features in the order of a nanometer.
credited with the development of molecular nanotechnology, leading to nanosystems machinery manufacturing.
An American engineer, K. Eric Drexler (1955)
Type of Nanotechnology:
Mechanisms and structures are miniaturized at the nanometric scale - from 1 to 100 nanometres in size. It is the most frequent to date, especially in electronics.
Descending (top-down)
Type of Nanotechnology:
You start with a nanometric structure - a molecule, for example - and through a mounting or self-assembly process, you create a larger mechanism than the one you started with.
Ascending (bottom-up)
Types of Nanotechnology:
It is used to manufacture structures in coal, silicon, inorganic materials, metals, and semiconductors that do not work with humidity.
Dry nanotechnology
Types of Nanotechnology:
It is based on biological systems present in an aqueous environment - including genetic material, membranes, enzymes, and other cellular components.
Wet nanotechnology
Examples and Applications of Nanotechnology:
- Carbon nanotubes are close to replacing silicon as a material for making smaller, faster, and more efficient microchips and devices, as well as lighter, more conductive, and stronger quantum nanowires. Graphene’s properties make it an ideal candidate for the development of flexible touchscreens.
Electronics
Examples and Applications of Nanotechnology
A new semiconductor developed by Kyoto University makes it possible to manufacture solar panels that double the amount of sunlight converted into electricity. Nanotechnology also lowers costs, produces stronger and lighter wind turbines, improves fuel efficiency and, thanks to the thermal insulation of some nanocomponents, can save energy.
Energy
Types of Nanotechnology:
The properties of some nanomaterials make them ideal for improving the early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or cancer. They are able to attack cells selectively without harming other healthy cells. Some nanoparticles have also been used to enhance pharmaceutical products such as sunscreen.
Biomedicine
Examples and Applications of Nanotechnology
Air purification with ions, wastewater purification with nanobubbles, or nanofiltration systems for heavy metals are some of its environmentally-friendly applications. Nanocatalysts are also available to make chemical reactions more efficient and less polluting
Environment
In this field, nanobiosensors could be used to detect the presence of pathogens in food or nanocomposites to improve food production by increasing mechanical and thermal resistance and decreasing oxygen transfer in packaged products.
Food
Examples and Applications of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology makes it possible to develop smart fabrics that don’t stain nor wrinkle, as well as stronger, lighter, and more durable materials to make motorcycle helmets or sports equipment.
Textile
Applications of Nanotechnology
Nanoscale additives can provide lightweight ballistic energy deflection in personal body armor, or can help them resist wrinkling, staining, and bacterial growth.
Clear nanoscale films on eyeglasses, computer and camera displays, windows, and other surfaces can make them water- and residue-repellent, antireflective, self-cleaning, resistant to ultraviolet or infrared light, antifog, antimicrobial, scratch-resistant, or electrically conductive.
Everyday Materials and Processes
Applications of Nanotechnology:
Ultra-high definition displays and televisions are now being sold that use quantum dots to produce more vibrant colors while being more energy efficient.
Nanoparticle copper suspensions have been developed as a safer, cheaper, and more reliable alternative to lead-based solder and other hazardous materials commonly used to fuse electronics in the assembly process.
Electronics and IT Applications
Applications of Technology:
Nanomedicine draws on the natural scale of biological phenomena to produce precise solutions for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Better imaging and diagnostic tools enabled by nanotechnology are paving the way for earlier diagnosis, more individualized treatment options, and better therapeutic success rates.
Medical and Healthcare Applications
Application of Technology
Nanotechnology is improving the efficiency of fuel production from raw petroleum materials through better catalysis.
Nanotechnology is also being applied to oil and gas extraction through the use of nanotechnology-enabled gas lift valves in offshore operations or the use of nanoparticles to detect microscopic down-well oil pipeline fractures.
Energy Applications
Application of Technology:
Nanotechnology could help meet the need for affordable, clean drinking water through rapid, low-cost detection and treatment of impurities in water.
Nanoparticles are being developed to clean industrial water pollutants in ground water through chemical reactions that render the pollutants harmless.
Environmental Remediation
Applications of Technology:
Nanotechnology offers the promise of developing multifunctional materials that will contribute to building and maintaining lighter, safer, smarter, and more efficient vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, and ships.
Nano-engineering of aluminum, steel, asphalt, concrete and other cementitious materials, and their recycled forms offers great promise in terms of improving the performance, resiliency, and longevity of highway and transportation infrastructure components while reducing their life cycle cost.
Future Transportation Benefits
ADVANTAGES
Nanotechnology can now provide new innovated materials and instruments for the sectors or field of manufacturing. Main example for this is the nanotubes and nanoparticles which could be very helpful and useful in constructing novel materials for it has its insulating properties.
Revolutionize Manufacturing Advantage
ADVANTAGES
Nanotechnology could be the material in conserving energy in an economical way by the means of reduction of costs in constructing solar panels. Nanotechnology could also make more solar power for its energy storage devices.
Conservation of Energy
ADVANTAGES
Nanotechnology is to innovate or revolutionized electronics in the means of illumination and construction of circuits on atomic level. It could also help in technological advancement in the means of quantum dots and display screens. This also provides faster technology (gadgets, computers, processors, LED displays)
Electronics and technological advantages
