Module 9: Musculoskeletal Examination Flashcards
Active Range of Motion (AROM
Action of the patient moving a joint to the greatest degree possible in all planes of motion
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Action of the provider moving a joint of the patient to the greatest degree possible in all planes of motion w/out the patient assisting with the movement
Minimize position changes during the examination by starting w/ the patient in the _____ position, then moving to the _____, and then _____.
- Seated
- Supine
- Standing
-General inspection includes examination of
- Head size
- General body symmetry – bilateral upper/lower extremity length & muscle
- Limb/bony deformity
- Symmetrical joints
Normocephalic
Size of head is w/in 1 standard deviation of average for others of the same age/sex
Microcephalic
Head circumference smaller than 2 standard deviations below the average of the same age/sex
Macrocephalic
Head circumference larger than 2 standard deviations above the average of the same age/sex
In a physical examination you should work from _____ to _____, this makes the ____ joint the first joint to be examined
- Head
- Toe
- Temporomandibular (TMJ)
Inability to open the Jaw-trismus or lockjaw is secondary to…
Spasm of the muscles of mastication
Inability to close the jaw may be indicative of
TMJ dislocation
Herberden’s Nodes
Bony enlargement of distal interphalangeal joints found in osteoarthritis
Bouchard’s Nodes
Bony enlargement of the proximal interphalangeal joints associated with both osteo & rheumatoid arthritis
Rotoscoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
Inspection of hips normally happens in _____ position, if imbalance prohibits adequate examination, patient can be assisted to the _____ & _____ positions to complete ______ testing
- Standing
- Supine & prone
- Range of motion
_____ helps to limit the differential diagnosis in the knee
Localization
Instability in the knees most commonly reflects _____ injury, where the patient may describe the knee, “giving out”
Ligamentous
Which 2 tests assess collateral ligament stability in a patient w/ a knee injury?
- Varus Stress Test
- Valgus Stress Test
Meniscal Tear
Tear of the medial/lateral menisci of the knee
McMurray’s Sign
Testing for clicking/pain in the knee – suggesting a meniscal tear
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel often resulting in numbness, paresthesia, and weakness of the hand
Rotator Cuff
- Complex of tendinous insertions of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles of the shoulder
- Site of common shoulder injuries
Supraspinatus
- Aids in abduction of the arm at the shoulder
- Majority of its action is through 30 degrees
- Also assists through 90 degrees
The primary action of the subscapularis is ______ ______
Internal rotation
Shoulder Impingement
General term for the compression of anatomic structures that occurs when lifting the arm
