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OB/GYN 303 > Module 9: GU > Flashcards

Module 9: GU Flashcards

1
Q

The ureteric buds form from what?

A

Wolffian ducts

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2
Q

What do the ureteric buds become?

A

Ureters, renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting tubules

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3
Q

The metanephros gives origin to what?

A

Nephrons

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4
Q

When does fetal urine production begin?

A

Around 11 weeks LMP

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5
Q

What is the metanephros also known as?

A

Primitive kidney

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6
Q

Where is the primitive kidney located early on?

A

Pelvis

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7
Q

What would cause an ectopic kidney?

A

Failure of primitive kidney migration

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8
Q

What is a normal renal pelvis fullness in a fetus?

A

<3mm

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9
Q

What renal pelvis fullness would require further investigation?

A

> 5mm

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10
Q

What is the terminal end of the hindgut called?

A

Cloaca

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11
Q

What compartments are the cloaca divided into?

A

Urinary and rectal

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12
Q

The caudal end of the cloaca forms what?

A

Urethra and bladder neck

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13
Q

The rest of the bladder is derived from what?

A

Allantois

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14
Q

Where does the allantois end?

A

The urachus

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15
Q

Where do the mesonephric ducts enter the bladder?

A

Posterior wall of the bladder at the trigone

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16
Q

When are fetal genitals in an ambiguous state?

A

Prior to 8 weeks LMP

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17
Q

When are normal male genitalia formed?

A

8-10 weeks when testosterone is present

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18
Q

What is bilateral renal agenesis associated with?

A

Other GU abnormalities, GI abnormalities, cardiac abnormalities, sirenomelia-mermaid syndrome, and teratogens

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19
Q

What kind of teratogens are bilateral renal agenesis associated with?

A

Warfarin, cocaine, and type 1 maternal diabetes

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20
Q

What could be mistaken for kidneys with bilateral renal agenesis?

A

Adrenals that assume a discoid shape

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21
Q

What would you expect to see sonographically with bilateral renal agenesis?

A

Absent bladder, IUGR, and oligohydramnios

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22
Q

What does Potter’s syndrome refer to?

A

Bilateral renal agenesis

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23
Q

What does Potter’s sequence refer to?

A

Consequence of severe oligohydramnios

24
Q

What are things you would see with Potter’s sequence?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal hand and foot positions, and facial anomalies

25
Q

What are some examples of abnormal foot and hand positions seen with Potter’s sequence?

A

Bowed legs, clubbed feet, and hip dislocation

26
Q

What are some examples of abnormal facial features you’d expect to see with Potter’s sequence?

A

Beaked nose, low set ears, prominent epicanthic folds, and hypertelorism

27
Q

75% of all renal abnormalities will be what?

A

Hydronephrosis

28
Q

What are three causes of hydronephrosis?

A

Obstruction, reflux, and ureterocele

29
Q

Where is the level of obstruction if there is only hydronephrosis with only dilated kidneys?

A

Ureteropelvic junction

30
Q

Where is the level of obstruction if there are dilated ureters with hydronephrosis?

A

Ureterovesical junction

31
Q

Where is the level of obstruction if there is a dilated bladder and keyhole appearance?

A

Posterior urethral valve

32
Q

What is Grade I hydronephrosis?

A

Involves renal pelvis only

33
Q

What is Grade II hydronephrosis?

A

Involves visible renal pelvis and calyces

34
Q

What is Grade III hydronephrosis?

A

Involves dilation of renal pelvis and calyces

35
Q

What is Grade IV hydronephrosis?

A

Involves parenchymal thinning

36
Q

What is the most common urinary obstruction in neonates?

A

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

37
Q

What will you see with unilateral UPJ obstruction?

A

Normal bladder and amniotic fluid

38
Q

What will you see with bilateral UPJ obstruction?

A

Oligohydramnios with hydronephrosis of varying degrees

39
Q

What may be destroyed with severe UPJ obstruction?

A

Renal parenchyma

40
Q

An extra renal pelvis under 1.5cm may mimic what?

A

Small hydronephrosis

41
Q

What is UVJ obstruction usually due to?

A

Duplicated collecting system with an ectopic ureter location from the upper pole of the kidney

42
Q

A ureter may mimic bowel. How can you tell the difference?

A

Bowel is medial and ureter was lateral in the abdomen

43
Q

What is an ectopic ureter associated with?

A

Ureterocele in the bladder

44
Q

What is a ureterocele?

A

Cystic dilation of the intravesicular portion of the ureter

45
Q

What is a PUV?

A

Posterior urethral valve

46
Q

What membranes obstruct the retrograde flow of urine in a male fetus?

A

Posterior urethral valves

47
Q

Prune belly syndrome is also known as what?

A

Eagle-Barrett syndrome

48
Q

What is undescended testicles also known as?

A

Cryptorchidism

49
Q

What will you see sonographically with a fetus with infantile polycystic kidney disease?

A

Bilateral grossly enlarged echogenic kidneys, severe oligohydramnios, and absent bladder

50
Q

What is IPKD (infantile polycystic kidney disease) associated with?

A

Meckel-Gruber syndrome, Robert’s syndrome, and trisomy 13

51
Q

What is a DDx of IPKD?

A

Benign glomerulosclerosis

52
Q

What does adult polycystic kidney disease look like on a fetus?

A

Enlarged kidneys with cysts

53
Q

Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is associated with what?

A

Potter’s sequence

54
Q

What is a Wilm’s tumor also known as?

A

Nephroblastoma

55
Q

What is a nephroblastoma?

A

Solid mass not commonly identified in utero

56
Q

What is the most common congenital renal tumor?

A

Mesoblastic nephroma

OB/GYN 303 (21 decks)

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