Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nursing 1 > Module 9 Fluid, Electrolyte,and Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Module 9 Fluid, Electrolyte,and Acid Base Balance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards
1
Q

what are the two largest constituents of the body fluids?

A

water and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the four(4) main functions of water in the body are?

A
  1. to act as a vehicle for the transportation of substances to and from the cells.
  2. to aid heat regulation by providing perspiration, which evaporates.
  3. to assist in mainenance of H balance in the body
  4. to serve as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

more than ____ of the body’s weight is water.

A

half.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the greater amount of fat in the body would increase or decrease the amount of water volume in the body?

A

it would decrease because fat contains less fat then other tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

body water continuously moves where in the body?

A

in and out of the blood, through the lymph vessels, between the cells, and in and out of the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

electrolytes

A

are minerals or salts that are dissolved in body fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are electrolytes measured?

A

mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the difference between ions, cations, and anions.

A

ions are the particles that have a tiny electrical charge, cations are the positive charge; anions are the negative charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the major source of electrolytes is from where?

A

the diet you consume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal range of Sodium (Na)

A

135-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal range of Potassium (K)

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal range of Calcium (Ca)

A

8.4-10.6 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

normal range of Magnesium (Mg)

A

1.3-2.1 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phosphate (PO4)

A

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chloride (CL )

A

96-106 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bicarbonate(HCO3)

A

22-26 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nonelectrolytes

A

the intermediate products of metabolism– amino acids (protiens), glucose, and fatty acids are all nonelectrolytes. They remain bound together when dissolved in body fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blood

A

the body has 4 to 6 L of circulating blood volume. Erthrocytes, Leukocytes, platelets, are the blood cells that are carried in plasma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

intracellular

A

2/3 of total body fluid. within the cell high in potassium content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

extracellular

A

1/3 of total body water outside of the cell.. transports water, nutrients, oxygen to and from the cells. High in sodium content. regulated by renal, metabolic, and neurologic factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ECF has three types:

A

intravascular, interstitial, and transcellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dehydration(quick def)

A

removal of water from a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypovolemia (quick def)

A

decreased volume of plasma

24
Q

intravascular fluid

A

fluid within blood vessels; consists of plasma and fluid with cells, large amounts of protein and electrolytes

25
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid in spaces surrounding the cells, high in sodium content

26
Q

transcellular fluid

A

saliva, aqueous humor, pleural, synovial, gastro, unirnary, peritoneal fluids

27
Q

the main organ through which fluid excretion is achieved?

A

the kidneys

28
Q

what hormones can affect urine output

A

ADH, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)

29
Q

what happens when ADH increases?

A

the renal tubules reabsorb more water, and urine output decreases.

30
Q

more ADH is released how?

A

when the blood becomes more concentrated, circulating blood volume is decreased, or the person is expierencing pain, nausea, or stress

31
Q

aldosterone is released by what?

A

by the adrenal cortex when ECF volume is low or when sodium concentration is elevated, causing reabsorbtion of sodium from kidney tubules.

32
Q

ANP does what

A

acts to protect the body from fluid overload and is released from sites in the myocardium and the brain.

33
Q

diffusion

A

is the process by which substances move back and forth across the membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout the available space. think of COFFEE and CREAM

34
Q

osmosis

A

refers to the movement of pure liquid across a membrane. H2O is diffused from osmosis.

35
Q

isotonic

A

solution of equal solute concentration

36
Q

hypertonic

A

greater concentration

37
Q

hypotonic

A

of less concentration

38
Q

filtration

A

is the movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semiermable membrane

39
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by fluid; the force promotes filtration, forcing movement of water and electrolytes through the capillary wall to the interstitial fluid.

40
Q

active transport

A

requires cellular energy, this force can move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell. may be able to move a substance from high to low concentration

41
Q

what is the energy source for active transport

A

ATP

42
Q

signs and symptoms of dehydration

A

dizzy, confusion, cool dry skin, dark urine, decreased BP, UO, dry lips, thirst, weak,

43
Q

it is important to remember that water follows what?

A

sodium in the body, the sodium concentration causes an osmotic pull, and water goes to where that concentration is highest.

44
Q

those at risk for deficient fluid volume are whome?

A

patients unable to take in quanities of fluid, patients who lose excessive amounts of fluid through vomitting or diarrhea.

45
Q

treatments that can cause dehydradtion are?

A

diuretic therapy and gastrointestinal suction without fluid replacement.

46
Q

where do you check for skin tugor?

A

over the abdomen, forarm, sternum, forhead, or thigh

47
Q

in the infant what is a big sign of dehydration

A

sunked eyeballs, and dpression of the anterior fontanel

48
Q

how can you have too much fluid?

A

if they reiceve fluid to quickly, are given tap water enemas, or are persuaded to drink more fluids than they can elimante

49
Q

sings of overhydration

A

weight gain, crackles in the lungs, slow bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, and possibly edema

50
Q

what else can occur with overhydration

A

hypervolemia

51
Q

hypevolemia

A

excessive blood volume

52
Q

in the bedridden patients the fluid accumlates in what region

A

the sacral region ( dependent edema)

53
Q

where is edema most visible

A

hands and the face

54
Q

causes of edema

A
  1. kidney failure 2. heart failure. 3. live failure. 4. hormonal disorders involving the overproduction of aldosterone and ADH
55
Q

local edema may be caused by what?

A

infection or injury and the resulting inflammation

nursing 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions