Module 9 Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia are refered to what?
sodium levels
signs of hyponatremia
they will usually be dehydrated due to sodium and water work together. With more severe you experience mental status changes, confusion, personality changes, weakness, nausea, vomiting.. very serious in elderly patients
signs of hypernatremia
thirst is usually the first to appear, mental status changes, seizures may also occur, muscle twitches will come above first, then muscle weakness.
Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia
potassium balances. most common electrolyte in the ICF compartment. it is especially important for caridac muscle, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle function. never given by IV push
signs of hypokalemia
muscle cramping, muscle fatigue. vital sings change, shallow ineffective breathing, pulse is typically weak, irregular, and thready. A major danger is irregular heartbeat which can cause cardiac arrest
signs of hyperkalemia
muscle twitches and cramps, later followed by profound muscular weakness, increased GI motility, slow heart rate, and decreased blood pressure.
hypo and hyper calcemia
calcium. a mineral that is primarily stored in bones and teeth. a small amount found in ECF. it is needed for the proper function of excitable tissues, especially cardiac muscles.
signs of hypocalcemia
Chronic is usually not diagnosed untill the patient breaks a bone, usually a hip. Acute hypo: irregular heart rate, mental status changes, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and increased GI motility.
two test that you can use to test for hypocalcemia
trousseaus and chvostek’s sign
hypercalcemia signs of
mild: may have no obvious sings and symptoms. acute: increased heart rate and blood pressure, skeletal muscle weakness, and decreased GI motility —> may get urinary calculi(stones)
if hypercalcemia is so severe that cardiac problems are present what may be necessary
hemodiaysis, peritoneal dialysis, ultrafiltration
magnesium works with what mineral
calcium, so if there is in imbalance of mag there is usally one in calcium
hypomag
patients with sever diarrhea, or Crohn’s disease are unable to absorb the mag
major cause of hypomag
alcoholism, which causes both a decreased intake and an an increased renal excertion of mag
magnesium sulfate is given how
IV; and placed on cardiac monitor
