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Anaesthesia > Module 9 Emergencies > Flashcards

Module 9 Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered an emergency

A

This is where there is an imminent threat to life or limb

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2
Q

What is considered an urgent surgery.

A

Requires sugery within 24hours

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What are 2 common gyny emergencies

A
  1. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
  2. Evacuation of retained products of conseption
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5
Q

What are considered Obs emergencies

A
  1. Retained placenta
  2. C section
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6
Q

What are considered orthopaedic emergencies

A
  1. Open fractures and debridements
  2. Polytrauma
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7
Q

What are considered vascular emergencies

A
  1. Ruptured aortic anerysm
  2. Amputations
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8
Q

What is consider an ENT emergency

A
  1. Epistaxis
  2. Tonsillar abscess
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9
Q

What focus hx questions should be asked in a preoperative emergnecy patient 3

A
  1. Starved
  2. Current problem list
  3. Comorbidities
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10
Q

What are the examinations that need to be done preoperatively on an emergency patient 3

A
  1. Airway assessment
  2. Fluid status
  3. CVS and resp exam
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11
Q

How does pain affect gastric emptying

A

It causes it to stop

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12
Q

What is Mendelsons syndrome

A

This is a chemical pneumonitis that is cause by the aspiration of gastric contents

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13
Q

What are the 7 risk factors in aspiration

A
  1. Full stomach
  2. Increased intraabdominal pressure
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Gastric reflux and GERD
  5. Airway trauma
  6. Decreased GCS
    7.Pain and opiates
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14
Q

What are the 3 conditions under which you must assume that the stomach is full

A
  1. Absence of normal peristalsis (Ileus) [Functional inhibition of peristalsis]
  2. Obstructional peristalsis
  3. Delayed emptying
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15
Q

What causes the absence of peristalsis post operatively

A

Metabolic conditons e.g. DKA
Drug induced e.g. opiods and anticholinergics

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16
Q

What causes obstructional peristalsis

A

Bowel obstruction
Gastric carcinoma
Pyloric stenosis

17
Q

What are the factors that cause delayed gastric emptying

A

Shock
Trauma
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Pain

18
Q

What are the 4 things that can be done to prevent aspiration

A
  1. Empty the stomach
  2. Neutralise the stomach acid
  3. Avoid GA if possible
  4. Rapid sequence induction with cricoid pressure
19
Q

What is the aim of the Sellicks manoeuvre

A

To compress the esophagus between the cricoid and then vertebral column

20
Q

What are the best induction agents to use in trauma

A

Etomidate and ketamine

22
Q

A patient with a mandibular fracture is unable to open their mouth. What is the most appropriate method of airway control in this situation?

A

Doing an awake fibreoptic intubation with good local anaesthesia

Anaesthesia (13 decks)

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