Module 6 Pain Flashcards
Define pain
Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage
What is considered chronic pain
This is pain that is no longer associated with normal tissue healing processes and persists beyond tissue healing
What is considered acute pain
Pain that has a short duration lasting less than 6 weeks
What is nociceptive pain
This is pain that is associated with damage to non neuronal tissue and is triggered by activation of nociceptors
What is neuropathic pain
This is bain that is caused by a lesion to the somatosensory NS e.g. compression of a nerve
What is neoplastic pain
This is pain despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage
How is visceral nociceptive pain described
Squeezing or clamping pain thay is poorly localised and is disfuse
What is somatic nociceptive pain described as
Sharp dull aching pain that can be localised
What is neuropathic pain described as
It is burning electrical shocks and causes pain when even in ways that do not normally cause pain
Hyperalgesia
This is increased pain to stimuli that normally cause pain
What is allodynia
This os pain that is stimulated by factors that do not normally cause pain
What is the general treatment for chronic pain
- Gabapentinoids
- Low dose tricyclic antidepressants
- SNRI
What are considered simple analgesics
- Paracetamol
- Asprin
- NSAIDs
What is considered a weak opioid
- Tramadol
- Codeine
- Dihydrocodeine
What are considered strong opioids
Morphine
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
What are 4 examples of NSAIDs
- Ibuprofen
- Diclofenac
- Indomethacin
- Ketorolac
What are the serious complications that can occur from NSAIDs
Bronchospasms
What are the weak opioids
- Codeine
- Tramadol
What is the long acting opioid
Morphine
What are the short acting opioids
- Fentanyl
- Remifentanil
Which opiod can cause histamine release
Morphine
What is the mechanism of action of naloxone
Opioid antagonist
What are the 3 main side effects of naloxone
- Arrythmias
- PE
- Hypertension
What are the 3 main reseptors that opiods bind to
MOP, DOP and KOP
Which reseptor do most opiods act on
MOP
What are the 4 main benefits of opioids in anaesthesia
- They have centrally mediated analgesic effects
- Cause sedation
- They decrease sympathetic firing
- Cough suppression
Which opioid is used to dampen the intubation response
Alfentanil
Which drug is given as a prodrug and is then metabolised into morphine
Codeine
What are the 2 synthetic and semi synthetic opioids
Synthetic:
Heroin
Oxycodone
Semi synthetic:
Pethidine
Fentanyl
What is the benefit of Alfentanil in pregnancy
It does not cross the placenta
What is the onset and offset of Alfentanil
5 mins
What is the is the most potent form of fentanyl
Sufentanil
WHat is the most short acting opiod
Remifentanil
What are the indications for remifentanil
> Sleep apnea
morbid obesity
Avoiding post operative resp depression
Deep intraoperative analgesia is required
Which drugs are considered the non selective NSAIDS 3
Ibuprofen
Diclofenac
Ketorolac
What are the 2 selective COX 2 inhibitors
Celecoxib
Parecoxib
