Module 4 Fluids Flashcards
What are the details that are on the form sent with bloods
- Name
- Hospital no.
- Type of blood and the group
- Serial no.
- Expiry date and time
How to check bloods
- Check the form and the blood against the patient no.
- Check the form against the product
What are the signs of parasympathetic exess
All B
1. Blindness
2. Bronchospasms
3. Bradycardia
4. Bile secretion
5. Bladder contractions
6. Vomiting and diarrheoa
What is the main function of alpha 1 and 2 receptors
Alpha 1: Cause smooth muscle contractions
Alpha 2: Inhibit central noroadreniline release causing sedation and analgesia
What are the main functions of B1 and B2 reseptors
B1: Increases contractility, HR and AV node conduction
B2: Increase skeletal muscle vasodialation, bronchodialation and uterine relaxation
Where do inotropes act
B1 reseptors
Where do vasopressors act
Alpha 1
What are adrenaline and noro considered
They are both inotropes and vasopressers
What type of drug is Phenylephrine
Vasopressor
What type of drug is Dobutamine
Inotrope
Where does Phenylephrine work
Alpha 1
WHere does salbutamol work
b2
What is an example of a combine alpha and beta blocker
Labetalol
What are the 2 main vasopressors and when are they used
Ephedrine
Phenylephrine: Used in obstetrics
What is considered the % of total body water that is intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
Intra:65%
Extra: 35%
What is the main goal of the stress response
It is to redirect blood to the fight or flight organs: Brain, muscles and heart
How does shock cause death
Shock cause damage which causes the release of cytokines, the cytokines cause loss of the endothelial intergrity causing massive loss of plasma volume, this cause hypoperfusion and thus multiorgan failure
What is the benefit of normal saline in neurosurgery
It is slightly hypertonic and so decreases ICP
In which patient should ringers lactate be avoided
In diabetic patients that are taking metformin
When is a hypotonic solution used
This is used when there is a need to rehydrate the patient but needs to be done slowly
What are the 4 examples of hypotonic solutions
- Half normal saline
- Rehydration fluid
- General maintenance solution
- Maintelye
What is the main function of a synthetic colloid
They contain large molecules that stay in the intravascular space and so draw water out of the surrounding tissues and into the IV space
What are 3 examples of synthetic colloids
- Gelatins
- Dextrans
- Starches e.g. voluven
What are the 2 indications for packed RBC
- Haemorrhage where fluid resus has been done
- Normovolemic anaemia
What is the use of FFP
Is to replace clotting factors
What is the use of a cryoprecipitate
It contains a higher conc. of clotting factors
What is the indication for platelets
Platelet dysfunction or severe thrombocytopenia
