Module 9 Flashcards
It is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other
aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.
Biodiversity
Forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services that critically contribute to human well-
being.
Biodiversity
It is important in human-managed as well as natural ecosystems.
Biodiversity
Decisions humans make that influence biodiversity affect the well-being of themselves and others.
Biodiversity
is a group of organisms that can breed and produce viable and fertile off spring. Two animals are NOT
the same species if they cannot mate and produce a living, fertile baby.
Species
-All the different genes contained in all individual plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. It occurs
within a species as well as between species.
-Variation of all living forms at the genetic level: genes, alleles, or nucleic acids.
Genetic diversity
It is defined as the number of different species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of
those species.
Species diversity
Number of different species present in an ecosystem. Tropical areas have
greater species richness as the environment is conducive for a large number of species.
Species Richness
Relative abundance of individuals of each of those species. If the number of
individuals within a species is fairly constant across communities, it is said to have a high
evenness and if the number of individuals varies from species, it is said to have low evenness.
High evenness leads to greater specific diversit
Species Evenness
Two constituents of species diversity
Species richness
Species evenness
The different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes, as well as variation within
individual ecosystems.
Ecosystem diversity
3 importance of biodiversity to humankind
- Biodiversity provides foods and medicines.
- Biodiversity can aid ecosystem stability.
- Aesthetic and existence values are important
During ________, a population
shrinks temporarily and therefore loses genetic variation. It also
result from alterations in gene flow such as decreased migration,
expansion into new habitats or population.
Bottlenecks
It also shows that during there have been five mass
extinction events. This referred as “__________” in biodiversity.
Bottlenecks
considered the “father of biodiversity,” is an
American biologist and leader in bringing biodiversity to the
forefront of thinking by the citizens of the world.
E.O. Wilson
The loss of any
species will impact the Earth and the health of the human
population. Lost species may contain important scientific
information or benefits to humankind, including “undeveloped medicines, crops, pharmaceuticals, timber fibers,
pulp, soil-restoring vegetation, petroleum substitutes, and other products
The Diversity of Life, 2013
coined the acronym HIPPO, in 2005
E.O. Wilson
Acronym HIPPO
H=Habitat Loss,
I=Invasive Species
P=Pollution,
P=Human Population, and O=Overharvesting.
The areas that supports natural ecosystems that are intact and where native species and communities
associated with these ecosystems are well represented are called biodiversity hotspots.
Earth’s biodiversity hotspot
2 strict criteria for biodiversity hotspot
Must have
-at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics
-30% or less of its original natural vegetation
It can be defined as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that it does not
occur naturally by mating or natural recombination.
Genetic Modifies Organisms (GMO)
Aims to develop genetically modified plants in
agriculture or the food sector.
Green genetic engineering
Utilized in medicine, diagnostics (genetic tests) and gene therapy as well as
development and production of drugs (insulin, vaccines).
Red/yellow genetic engineering
This is the production of enzymes or fine chemicals for industrial use with the
aid of genetically modified micro-organism (e.g. development of products for enhanced washing performance).
Gray/white genetic engineering
Utilized for specific food production (e.g. dairy cows modified to produce allergy
free milk).
Genetically modified animals
4 main categories of GMO
Green genetic engineering
Red/yellow genetic engineering
Gray/white genetic engineering
Genetically modified animals
help to reproduced easy to supply the world need and it has a good advantage for us human.
GMO
3 kinds of biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity
