Module 9

Question 1

It is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other
aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.

Answer 1

Biodiversity

Question 2

Forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services that critically contribute to human well-
being.

Answer 2

Biodiversity

Question 3

It is important in human-managed as well as natural ecosystems.

Answer 3

Biodiversity

Question 4

Decisions humans make that influence biodiversity affect the well-being of themselves and others.

Answer 4

Biodiversity

Question 5

is a group of organisms that can breed and produce viable and fertile off spring. Two animals are NOT
the same species if they cannot mate and produce a living, fertile baby.

Answer 5

Species

Question 6

-All the different genes contained in all individual plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. It occurs
within a species as well as between species.
-Variation of all living forms at the genetic level: genes, alleles, or nucleic acids.

Answer 6

Genetic diversity

Question 7

It is defined as the number of different species present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of
those species.

Answer 7

Species diversity

Question 8

Number of different species present in an ecosystem. Tropical areas have
greater species richness as the environment is conducive for a large number of species.

Answer 8

Species Richness

Question 9

Relative abundance of individuals of each of those species. If the number of
individuals within a species is fairly constant across communities, it is said to have a high
evenness and if the number of individuals varies from species, it is said to have low evenness.
High evenness leads to greater specific diversit

Answer 9

Species Evenness

Question 10

Two constituents of species diversity

Answer 10

Species richness
Species evenness

Question 11

The different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes, as well as variation within
individual ecosystems.

Answer 11

Ecosystem diversity

Question 12

3 importance of biodiversity to humankind

Answer 12

1. Biodiversity provides foods and medicines.
2. Biodiversity can aid ecosystem stability.
3. Aesthetic and existence values are important

Question 13

During ________, a population
shrinks temporarily and therefore loses genetic variation. It also
result from alterations in gene flow such as decreased migration,
expansion into new habitats or population.

Answer 13

Bottlenecks

Question 14

It also shows that during there have been five mass
extinction events. This referred as “__________” in biodiversity.

Answer 14

Bottlenecks

Question 15

considered the “father of biodiversity,” is an
American biologist and leader in bringing biodiversity to the
forefront of thinking by the citizens of the world.

Answer 15

E.O. Wilson

Question 16

The loss of any
species will impact the Earth and the health of the human
population. Lost species may contain important scientific
information or benefits to humankind, including “undeveloped medicines, crops, pharmaceuticals, timber fibers,
pulp, soil-restoring vegetation, petroleum substitutes, and other products

Answer 16

The Diversity of Life, 2013

Question 17

coined the acronym HIPPO, in 2005

Answer 17

E.O. Wilson

Question 18

Acronym HIPPO

Answer 18

H=Habitat Loss,
I=Invasive Species
P=Pollution,
P=Human Population, and O=Overharvesting.

Question 19

The areas that supports natural ecosystems that are intact and where native species and communities
associated with these ecosystems are well represented are called biodiversity hotspots.

Answer 19

Earth’s biodiversity hotspot

Question 20

2 strict criteria for biodiversity hotspot

Answer 20

Must have

-at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics
-30% or less of its original natural vegetation

Question 21

It can be defined as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that it does not
occur naturally by mating or natural recombination.

Answer 21

Genetic Modifies Organisms (GMO)

Question 22

Aims to develop genetically modified plants in
agriculture or the food sector.

Answer 22

Green genetic engineering

Question 23

Utilized in medicine, diagnostics (genetic tests) and gene therapy as well as
development and production of drugs (insulin, vaccines).

Answer 23

Red/yellow genetic engineering

Question 24

This is the production of enzymes or fine chemicals for industrial use with the
aid of genetically modified micro-organism (e.g. development of products for enhanced washing performance).

Answer 24

Gray/white genetic engineering

Question 25

Utilized for specific food production (e.g. dairy cows modified to produce allergy
free milk).

Answer 25

Genetically modified animals

Question 26

4 main categories of GMO

Answer 26

Green genetic engineering
Red/yellow genetic engineering
Gray/white genetic engineering
Genetically modified animals

Question 27

help to reproduced easy to supply the world need and it has a good advantage for us human.

Answer 27

GMO

Question 28

3 kinds of biodiversity

Answer 28

Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity