Module 9

Question 1

Some non pathological factors that affect gait

Answer 1

Gender and mood, footwear (high heels) etc

Question 2

Trendelenburg gait

Answer 2

-Typical lateral trunk bending gait
-Weakness in hip abductors
-Accentuated pelvic drop (impairment of left hip muscles)
-Different compensatory strategies
-Direct consequence or a cover up of the true pain

Question 3

Anterior trunk bending gait

Answer 3

-Weakness of quadriceps
-May result in hand-thigh gait
-Weakness of gluteus max, gastrocnemius
-Compensation of weak populsion
-Forward trunk lean (polio patients)
-Patients may use hand thigh gait (rapid trunk flexion)

Question 4

Posterior trunk bending gait

Answer 4

-Weakness of hip flexors
-Hip extensor spasticity
-Knee ankylosis
-Extending the trunk
-In order to afford excessive movement (control balance because of knee stiffness)

Question 5

Gait deviation related to leg length discrepancy

Answer 5

-Clinical significance at about 3-4cm
-How to measure (ASIS to medial malleolus)
-Weight bearing or non-weight bearing
-Will lead to circumduction gait (hip hiking gait)
-Stepping gait, vaulting gait
-Circumduction (avoids tripping, hip hiking to elevate pelvis)
-Steppage gait (longer leg to clear the ground)
-Additiomal energy

Question 6

Excessive knee flexion in gait possible causes

Answer 6

hip flexion contracture, knee flexor spasticity, ankle ankyloses

Question 7

Excessive knee extension in gait possible causes

Answer 7

2.Quadriceps weakness, posterior capsule laxity, hamstrings laxity, PCL laxity, quadriceps spasticity

Question 8

Possible causes of foot drop

Answer 8

-(ankle dorsiflexors weakness), (spasticity of gastrocnemius and soleus)
-Dragging, steppage and slap foot
-Poor ankle control