Module 7 Flashcards
What is endurance?
-Condition of being physically fit and healthy
-Quality of bring suitable to fuflill a particular role or task
-Good endurance (being physically fit) is required to enable individuals to perform daily tasks without undue fatigue and with sufficient energy to enjoy leisure time activities and to respond to an emergency situation, if one arises
What is CV endurance?
-The ability of the cardiopulmonary- vascular system to take in, extract, deliever, use oxygen and to remove waste products from the bloodstream
-Ability to perform prolonged large muscle dynamic exercise and moderate to high levels of intensity
-Oxygen supply is enough to support the demand of these muscles
-All people need endurance to perform physical acitivity ADLS etc
To move we need to be able to —-
-Be able to create energy (adenosine triphosphate) for the muscle contraction and organ to function
-In the cells the mitochdonria and enzymes to convert o2 and glucose/fats and proteins into AT
-When oxygen is present we are much more efficient and developing ATP
-Glucose comes into cell, oxygen generates ATP more efficiently, ATP can be generated through the fermenting of lactic acid (lactic acid glycolysis)
-Make around 5% in anerobic respiration in what we would in anerobic respiration- creating lactate- lactic acid build up in muscles (which makes us feel fatigue)
* The fitter we are the better we are at extracting oxygen to create ATP more efficiently, muscle cells adapt to have more enzymes and mitochondria for energy production
* Glucose is stored in blood plasma- oxygen from oxygenated blood, converted into ATP in the mitochondria with the byproducts of carbon dioxide and water
To have good endurance muscle cells must
-Extract, metabolise and create energy for movement
Role of respiratory system in endurance
-Lungs provide oxygen from the atmosphere entering our bloodstream, heart pumps it around, moving it to the muscles
-Extracts, metabolises and produces energy
-Moves c02 from muscle, heart pumps it back up to lungs and removes co2 back into the atmosphere (extracting waste products of metabolism including co2)
What is the pathophysiological impact of immobility on endurance? (changes in muscle cell)
-Use it or lose it principle- all 3 systems adapt to not being used
-Reduced endurance causes changes in the muscle cell
-Losing mitochondria as we don’t need as much ATP, reduction in mitochondria, we don’t need to extract oxygen from the blood as often
-Decreased anaerobic metabolism
-Increased lactate fatigue increased co2 and shortness of breath
If we have lowered cardiovascular endurance there are changes in CO-
-Lower blood volume
-Lower cardiac out put (hr x sv)
-Lower stroke volume (each contraction)
-Increased heart rate at rest and exaggerated during activities
-Reduced capillaries- blood isnt going to muscle as much
Symptoms of lower endurance in Pts
-increased fatigue, sob, dyspnoea, excessive sweating, leg and arm pain, paleness, blue lips, periphery, cold clammy
-CNS (diziness, uncoordinated movements, confusion and gait problems),
Muscle fibres and immobilisation
-type 1 muscle fibre reduction- fatigue resistant
What is the role of cardiopulmonary physiotherapy?
-Improve quality of life, maximise independent function, assist with recovery after surgery, prescribe exercise to improve fitness and strength, educate people about their condition and promote healthy lifestyle
-Assist with patient reversal and decline of patients impairments of the respiratory and cardiac systems and endurance
Where do cardiorespiratory physios treat?
Hospitals, medical and surgical wards, hospitals (high dependency and ICU, sleep med, cardiac and resp med, paediatrics, community health and outpatient services, pulmonary and cardiac rehab, home based rehab, research and education
What is the 6MWT?
-Circular track
-Standardised insrtuctions and encouragement
-Walking as far as they can in 6 minutes, the function of the CVS and Resp systems
-High reliability
-Least 30 mins apart
-Pulse oximeter and BBS
What measures can we take that reflect RSP?
-Patients Spo2 peripheral oxygenation
-Respiratory rate- harder to measure
-6MWT
-Pulse oxymeter
-Some measures may be inaccurate for certain demographics of patients (beta blockers reduce heart rate)
-How are you feeling on a scale of 1 to 10
RPE
Rating of perceived excertion
-Used to rate total effort with activity/exercise
-The subjects use sensations of proprioperception (muscles and joints) sensations of heat and sweating and sensations from chest region including breathlessness but in some people aches and pains are included
Validity and reliability of RPE
It has a high within subject reliability and good correlation to HR and Vo2
-It is important to give clear instructions on the use of these scales which is on the back of the actual scale
