Module 9-11 Flashcards
“The time it takes for a medication to produce a response after it has been administered” - what’s the term
Onset
“The time it takes for medication to reach its highest effective concentration”
Peak
What is the term for “Minimum blood serum concentration”
Trough
“The time during which a medication is present in sufficient concentration to produce a response”
Duration
“Blood serum concentration of a medication has been reached and is maintained after repeated fixed dose”
Plateau
How are medications taken sublingually (SL)?
Medication place under the tongue to dissolve
How is buccal medication administered? What should you teach patients?
Medication placed against the mucous membranes of the cheek.
- Teach patient to alternate cheeks with each subsequent dose to avoid irritation, do not chew or swallow or drink anything until dissolved
What are the five key points for administering nasal drops?
- Gently roll or shake the medication container
- Instruct the patient to clear or blow the nose, unless contraindicated
- Supine position; patient to remain supine for 5 minutes after administration
- Patient is not to blow the nose for several minutes
- Observe for side effects 15-30 minutes after (systemic reaction may occur)
- instruct pt to breath through mouth to reduce aspiration
What position should the patient be in when administering nasal spray?
High Fowlers or sitting position
Six key points for nasal spray
- Gently roll or shake the medication container
- Instruct the patient to clear or blow the nose, unless contraindicated
- High Fowler’s or sitting position for nasal spray
- Close off opposite nostril
- Administer with the patient’s head upright and do not tip the spray downward
- Observe for side effects 15-30 minutes after (systemic reaction may occur)
What are three key points prior to administering ophthalmic medications?
- Assess condition of the external eye structures prior to administering eye medication.
- Cleanse the eye if crusts or drainage present.
- Wait at least 5 minutes if your patient has more than one eye medication to the same eye.
What do you do when administering ophthalmic medications that cause systemic effects?
Apply gentle pressure with your finger and a clean tissue on the patients nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds
(This action prevents the overflow of medication into the nasal cavity)
What are the two key points when administering ointments?
- Ask patient to look at the ceiling and apply a thin stream of ointment evenly along the inner edge of the lower eyelid on the conjunctiva from inner canthus to outer canthus.
- Ask the patient to close the eye and, using a cotton ball, to rub the lid lightly in a circular motion (if rubbing is not contraindicated).
Instilled ear drops should be at room temperature and stay sterile. Why?
- failure to instill ear drops or irrigating fluid at room temperature may cause vertigo or nausea
- sterile solutions and drops are used incase the eardrum is ruptured
What do you record after applying topical medication?
Location of application, name of the medication, condition of the skin
Parental administration means
Injection of medication into the body tissues (ID,SC, IM, IV)
What are intradermal injection’s?
Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis
Subcutaneous injection
into tissues just below the dermis
Intrathecal route is
Administered through a catheter that has been placed into the subarachnoid space or into one of the ventricles of the brain
What is the dose calculation to figure out amount to administer?
Does ordered/dose on hand x amount on hand
What do you check prior to administering oral meds?
check the MAR to Drs order
Check the patients name, medication name, dosage, route and the time for administration
When do you do the three medication checks?
1st - before entering the room check to the MAR, pour out required medication amount into a medication cup
2nd - inside the room to the MAR
3rd - At the bedside prior to administration
What are the most commonly used nasal installation?
Decongestants
When administering medication by otic (ear) route, how do you straighten the ear canal in children under 3?
Pull the auricle down and back
What should the patient do after administering medication through the otic route?
- remain in the position for 2 to 3 minutes
- Place the cotton ball into the outermost part of the ear if needed
How do you remove patches?
Wearing clean gloves, peel horizontally along skin
Told adhesive side together, dispose in sharps container
When administering medication vaginally (PV), The patient should lie in position for how long And why?
At least 10 minutes for adequate absorption
How far do you insert the applicator for a vaginal medication?
Insert a suppository along the posterior wall of vaginal canal for the entire length of your finger (L) insert the applicator approximately 5 to 7.5 cm, then push the plunger to deposit medication (R)
