Module 9/10 - Digestive system Flashcards
what structures are supplied by the coeliac trunk artery
pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach,
1st part duodenum,
liver
pancreas
spleen
what structures are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
rest of small intestines,
caecum
appendix
ascending colon
2/3 of transverse colon
what structures are supplied but the inferior mesenteric artery
remainder of colon
what does the greater omentum connect
greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon
what does the lesser omentum connect
lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver
what does the falciform ligament connect
the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
what does the mesentery connect
small intestines to posterior abdominal wall
what does the mesocolon connect
large intestines to posterior wall
name the 4 muscles of mastication and their function
masseter - elevates + protracts
temporalis - elevates + retracts
pterygoids medial - elevates + protracts
pterygoids lateral - depresses and protracts
what type of epithelium is found on the tongue
stratified squamous (keratinised and non keratinised in places)
from anterior/superior to posterior/inferior, name the parts of the roof of mouth
- hard palate
- soft palate
- uvula
what type of secretion is produced by each of the salivary glands
parotid - serous
sublingual - mixed but mainly mucous
submandibular - mixed but mainly serous
where are mucous neck cells located and what do they produce
- located near the opening of the gland ( in gastric pits of stomach)
- produce mucus
what do chief cells produce
- pepsinogen (converted to pepsin by gastric acids in stomach)
- zymogen granules (precursor to enzymes)
what is the role of parietal cells
produce HCl and intrinsic factor
what is the role of entero-endocrine cells
produce regulatory hormones and paracrine factors
what type of epithelium lines the villi of the small intestines
simple columnar
describe the muscularis externa in the GI tract
- 2 layer of muscle - inner is circular and outer is longitudinal (+innermost oblique layer in the stomach)
- contains the myenteric plexus - controls peristalsis and secmentation
describe the mucosal layer of the GI tract
3 parts:
- epithelial - non keratinised stratified squamous
- lamina propria - thin loose CT (contains blood and lymphatic vessels
- muscularis mucosae - thin layer of smooth muscle - twitching movement
describe the submucosa layer of the GI tract
- thick layer of loose CT containing BVs, lymphatics, glands, nerves
- note: nerves control vasoconstriction and movement of muscularis mucosae and promote gland secretion
what are 2 types of contraction in the small intestines
segmental - mixing
peristalsis - propulsion over short distances
what salivary glands are infected in mumps if one of the symptoms is swollen cheeks
parotid
what are the names of the ducts under the liver and where do they each come from
cystic duct - from gallbladder
common hepatic duct - from liver
common bile duct - (where the above 2 merge)
hepatopancreatic ampulla - region of common bile duct entering duodenum
what are the 2 names for the sphincter at the top of the stomach
- lower esophageal sphincter
- cardiac sphincter
what are the names of the 2 bends in the colon
right (ascending to transverse) = hepatic flexure
left (transverse to descending) = splenic flexure
what are omental appendages
small fat pouches on colon
what types of epithelia and muscles is there in the anal canal
superior is simple columnar
inferior is stratified squamous
internal sphincter is smooth muscle
external sphincter is skeletal muscle
what type of the nervous system is stimulated by distention of rectal walls
parasympathetic
what is the gastroileal reflex
when stomach is full / stomach activity - the hormone gastrin relaxes the ileocaecal valve - small intestines will empty
what is the gastrocolic reflex
initiated by chyme in stomach - mass movement of contents in transverse colon into rectum
what is the duodenocolic reflec
chyme in duodenum initiates - mass movement on contents in transverse colon into rectum
