Module 9/10 - Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are supplied by the coeliac trunk artery

A

pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach,
1st part duodenum,
liver
pancreas
spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what structures are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

A

rest of small intestines,
caecum
appendix
ascending colon
2/3 of transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what structures are supplied but the inferior mesenteric artery

A

remainder of colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the greater omentum connect

A

greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the lesser omentum connect

A

lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the falciform ligament connect

A

the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the mesentery connect

A

small intestines to posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the mesocolon connect

A

large intestines to posterior wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name the 4 muscles of mastication and their function

A

masseter - elevates + protracts
temporalis - elevates + retracts
pterygoids medial - elevates + protracts
pterygoids lateral - depresses and protracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of epithelium is found on the tongue

A

stratified squamous (keratinised and non keratinised in places)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

from anterior/superior to posterior/inferior, name the parts of the roof of mouth

A
  • hard palate
  • soft palate
  • uvula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of secretion is produced by each of the salivary glands

A

parotid - serous
sublingual - mixed but mainly mucous
submandibular - mixed but mainly serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where are mucous neck cells located and what do they produce

A
  • located near the opening of the gland ( in gastric pits of stomach)
  • produce mucus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do chief cells produce

A
  • pepsinogen (converted to pepsin by gastric acids in stomach)
  • zymogen granules (precursor to enzymes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the role of parietal cells

A

produce HCl and intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the role of entero-endocrine cells

A

produce regulatory hormones and paracrine factors

17
Q

what type of epithelium lines the villi of the small intestines

A

simple columnar

18
Q

describe the muscularis externa in the GI tract

A
  • 2 layer of muscle - inner is circular and outer is longitudinal (+innermost oblique layer in the stomach)
  • contains the myenteric plexus - controls peristalsis and secmentation
19
Q

describe the mucosal layer of the GI tract

A

3 parts:
- epithelial - non keratinised stratified squamous

  • lamina propria - thin loose CT (contains blood and lymphatic vessels
  • muscularis mucosae - thin layer of smooth muscle - twitching movement
20
Q

describe the submucosa layer of the GI tract

A
  • thick layer of loose CT containing BVs, lymphatics, glands, nerves
  • note: nerves control vasoconstriction and movement of muscularis mucosae and promote gland secretion
21
Q

what are 2 types of contraction in the small intestines

A

segmental - mixing
peristalsis - propulsion over short distances

22
Q

what salivary glands are infected in mumps if one of the symptoms is swollen cheeks

A

parotid

23
Q

what are the names of the ducts under the liver and where do they each come from

A

cystic duct - from gallbladder
common hepatic duct - from liver
common bile duct - (where the above 2 merge)
hepatopancreatic ampulla - region of common bile duct entering duodenum

24
Q

what are the 2 names for the sphincter at the top of the stomach

A
  • lower esophageal sphincter
  • cardiac sphincter
25
Q

what are the names of the 2 bends in the colon

A

right (ascending to transverse) = hepatic flexure
left (transverse to descending) = splenic flexure

26
Q

what are omental appendages

A

small fat pouches on colon

27
Q

what types of epithelia and muscles is there in the anal canal

A

superior is simple columnar
inferior is stratified squamous
internal sphincter is smooth muscle
external sphincter is skeletal muscle

28
Q

what type of the nervous system is stimulated by distention of rectal walls

A

parasympathetic

29
Q

what is the gastroileal reflex

A

when stomach is full / stomach activity - the hormone gastrin relaxes the ileocaecal valve - small intestines will empty

30
Q

what is the gastrocolic reflex

A

initiated by chyme in stomach - mass movement of contents in transverse colon into rectum

31
Q

what is the duodenocolic reflec

A

chyme in duodenum initiates - mass movement on contents in transverse colon into rectum

32
Q
A