Module 5 - Circulatory system Flashcards
what are the 3 layers of blood vessel walls
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica adventitia
what is the tunica intima comprised of
- endothelium
- basement membrane
- lamina propria
- internal elastic membrane
what is the tunica media comprised of
smooth muscle (arranged circularly around vessel)
- external elastic lamina (in arteries)
what is the tunica adventitia comprised of
- connective tissue (denser near tunica media then becoming more loose)
in which blood vessels can you find the external elastic lamina
arteries
which is the thick layer in arteries and veins
arteries have a thick tunica media
veins are thin walls but have a thick tunica externa
what are the large elastic arteries and medium muscular arteries known as and what are their functions
large elastic arteries:
- conducting arteries
- pressure reservoirs - can expand and recoil with changes in blood pressure
medium muscular arteries:
- distributing arteries
- vasoconstriction and vasodilation (direct blood into different regions of the body as needed
what are 2 examples of large elastic arteries and of medium muscular arteries
large elastic / conducting: Aorta and pulmonary trunk
medium muscular / distributing: brachial, radial
what are the 3 sections of the aorta
- ascending aorta (immediately out the heart)
- aortic arch
- descending aorta (traveling to lower body)
what are the 3 main arteries arising from the aortic arch (in order of blood flow)
- brachiocephalic artery (branching into right subclavian and right carotid)
- left carotid
- left subclavian
what are the 2 names for the descending aorta
thoracic aorta
abdominal aorta
where does the brachiocephalic artery supply
right side of head and right upper limb
what are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic artery and where do they supply
right subclavian - right upper limb
right carotid - right side of head
what are the second 2 arteries branching off the aortic arch and where do they supply
left carotid - left side of head
left subclavian - left upper limb
what is the name of the veins draining blood from the arms and head
- jugular veins drain the head
- subclavian veins drain the arms
what is the pathway of blood from the head and arms to get back into the heart
the jugular (head) and subclavian (arm) veins of the right and left sides join (on their sides) to form the right and left brachiocephalic veins
the brachiocephalic veins join to for the superior vena cava and enter the right atrium