Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology Midterm 2 > Module 8 - Respiratory Medication > Flashcards

Module 8 - Respiratory Medication Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Nasal Decongestant?

A

Dilation of the vessels in response to infection or allergen
(sympathetic response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medication - Ephedrine - Action and Uses

A
  • Temporary relief/CNS stimulant used to treat breathing problems
  • Reduces swelling
  • Widens lung airways
  • Decongestant
    Sympathetic response to promote: Bronchodilation, Heart rate
    Treatment: Bronchial Asthma, Allergies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Side/Adverse Effects - Ephedrine

A
  • Raise BP
  • Dizziness
  • Nervousness
  • Blurred vision
  • Vertigo
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Dry mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nursing Education - Ephedrine

A
  • Ensure proper route of medication
  • V/S (HR, BP)
  • Safety for hypertension
  • Monitor cardiac output as may cause a decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Medication- Pseudophedrine- Actions and Uses

A

Upper respiratory medication that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages
Treatment: Nasal and Sinus congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Side/Adverse Effects - Pseudophedrine

A
  • Increase HR
  • Increase BP
  • Restlessness
  • Nervousness
  • Insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is rebound congestion?

A

Constant nasal congestion that develops from an overuse of nasal sprays/drops/gels that contain decongestant medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Precautions - Decongestants

A
  • May decrease effects of epidural anesthetics

- May lead to tolerance and rebound congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nursing Education - Pseudophedrine

A
  • Allergies
  • Diabetes
  • Cardiac history
  • V/S (HR/BP)
  • Monitor dependency on the drug
  • Lower dose if risk is high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What conditions do Nasal Decongestants treat?

A
  • Nasal congestion (stuffy nose)
  • Common cold
  • Hay fever
  • Allergies
  • Sinus pain/pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Action

A

Used to suppress the cough reflex (dry or non-productive cough) in the CNS
Medication: Pseudoephedrine- DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Action and Uses

A
  • Treatment of cough, stuffy nose, and sinus pain/pressure
  • Contains a decongestant (Pseudoephedrine) and a non-opiod cough suppressant (Dextromethrophan)
  • Narrows blood vessels
  • Trade name = “Buckley’s”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Insomnia
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Nervousness
  • Irregular HR
  • Hallucinations
  • Shaking
  • Seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Precautions

A
  • Pregnant clients
  • Smokers
  • Interactions with caffeine may trigger adverse effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Nursing consideration

A
  • Assess respiratory distress - SOB, difficulty breathing
  • V/S (HR)
  • Assess cough with sputum
  • Auscultate for adventitious sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Treatments

A
  • Common Cold
  • Bronchitis
  • Sinus pressure
  • Nasal and Sinus congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Medication- Expectorants - Action and Uses

A
  • Upper Respiratory Medication that thins out phlegm in lungs and excretes out of the airway
    Treatment: Wet coughs and chest congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Expectorant - Guaifenesin- Actions and Uses

A
  • Loosens congestion in your chest and throat
  • Allows for easy excretion (coughing)
  • Used to reduce chest congestion by common cold, infections or allergies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Medication -Expectorant - Guaifensein - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Allergic reactions
  • Dizziness
  • Trouble breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medication

- Expectorant - Nursing Consideration

A
  • Assess cough
  • Allergies
  • Respiratory assessment - Auscultate for rales
  • Clients with diabetes
  • Taken by mouth with or without food q4h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Histamine?

A
  • Histamine is a chemical produced by mast cells
  • Pro inflammatory agents
  • Responsible for runny nose, water eyes, blood vessel expansion and swelling skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Medication- Antihistamines - Action and Uses

A
  • Block the effects of histamines by competing with receptor sites
  • Decreases vaso-permiability
  • Inhibits smooth muscle responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of Antihistamines (-ine)?

A
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Fexofenadrine (Allegra)
  • Loratadine (Claritin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antihistamine - Diphenhydramine Actions and Uses

A
  • Blocks histamine
  • Anticholinergic (Sympathetic response)
  • Relieves symptoms of Allergy, hay fever and common cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Antihistamine - Side and Effects of Diphenhydramine
- Drowsiness - Dizziness/weakness - Upset stomach - Blurred vision - Dry mouth - Increased allergic reaction
26
Antihistamine - Diphenhydramine - Nursing Considerations
- Be aware of clients with liver disease - it can worsen the symptoms - Contraindicated for people with Asthma - Encourage fluid intake - Avoid triggers
27
Precautions - Diphenhydramine
- Do not operate machinery/drive after taking | - Older adults and children may be more sensitive to the medication
28
Antihistamines - Fexofenadine/Loratadine - Function
- Similar treatment/effects/nursing considerations as diphenhydramine - Side effects are similar - do NOT cause drowsiness
29
Lower Respiratory Diseases
- Pneumonia (Bacteria invades Alveoli - gas exchange difficult) - Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Bacteria invasion - elasticity reduced) - Asthma (Inflamed airways and constricted bronchioles) - Chronic Bronchitis - Emphysema - Pulmonary Fibrosis (reduced elasticity)
30
Symptoms of Lower Respiratory Disease?
- Dyspnea - Chest pain - Heavy chest - Barrel Chest - Fatigue - Fever - Tachycardia - Cyanosis - Rales/Rhonchi - Low O2 saturation - Sputum - Nasal flaring - Irregular breathing
31
What are the two Lower Respiratory agents?
- Bronchodilators | - Glucocorticosteriods
32
Function of Bronchodilators - What do they do?
- Open the bronchioles to allow for increased airflow - Beta 2- Agonists and Anticholinergic medication - Sympathetic Response - Used to manage COPD and Asthma
33
Bronchodilator - Medication delivery devices
- Instantaneous onset - Aerosol - delivers droplets/particles to immediate site - Nebulizers - Inhalers - Metered dose inhaler (pressured inhaler that delivers medication as a spray)
34
Bronchodilator - Relievers (Short-Acting) - Types of Reliever medication?
1) Short-acting Beta 2 - agonist (SABA) - Salbutamol 2) Short-acting Anticholinergics (SAAC) - Ipratropium 3) Combination of SABA + SAAC - Salbutamol and Ipratropium
35
Bronchodilator - Reliever- Salbutamol - Action and Use
- Symptomatic relief and prevention of bronchospasm due to Asthma and COPD - Bronchodilation
36
Bronchodilator - Reliever- Salbutamol - Onset, Peak and Duration time
Onset: 15-30 min after inhalation Peak: 2-3 hours Duration: 4-6 hours
37
Bronchodilator - Salbutamol - Precautions
Clients with cardiac disease, hypertension and diabetes - Can cause Arrhythmia
38
Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol - Side/Adverse Effects
- Nervousness - Restlessness - Headaches - Insomnia - Arrhythmia
39
Bronchodilator - Salbutamol - Nursing Considerations
- Assess lung sounds - V/S (HR) - Take medication as directed - Medication is taken correctly - Client must wait 5 min before administering another dose - Rinse mouth after use - bad taste
40
Bronchodilator- Ipratropium - Action and Uses
- Anticholinergic agent that inhibits cholinergic receptors - Promotes Bronchodilation Treatment: COPD, Asthma, Allergies, Common cold
41
Bronchodilator - Ipratropium - Onset, Peak and Duration
- Onset: 1-3 min - Peak: 1-2 hours - Duration: 4-6 hours
42
Bronchodilator- Ipratropium - Precaution
- Urinary retention | - Precaution of use for clients with Glaucoma
43
Bronchodilator - Ipratropium - Side/Adverse effects
- Dizziness - Headaches - Nervousness - Blurred vision - Sore throat - Arrhythmia - Nausea - Rash
44
Bronchodilator -Ipratropium - Nursing Considerations
- Assess lung sounds - Take medication as directed - no double dose - Do not exceed 12 doses in 24 hours - Rinse mouth after use - bad taste
45
Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) -Action and Uses
- Bronchodilation - Combination of both to enhance effects and relax muscles - Blocks cholinergic receptors Treatment: COPD, Dyspnea/Wheezing - Asthma
46
Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) - Precautions
Not for use for clients with heart disease or hypertension
47
Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) - Side/Adverse Effects
- Headaches - Dizziness - Nausea - Dry mouth - Chest pain - Arrhythmia - Blurred vision - Allergic reaction - Increase BP
48
Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) - Nursing Considerations
- Assess lung sounds - V/S (BP/HR) - Promote healthy lifestyle - No Smoking - Do not exceed 12 doses in 24 hrs - Increase activity (light-moderate)
49
Bronchodilator - Controllers (Long-term control/Anti-inflammatory) - Types of Controllers
1) Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonist (LABA) - Salmeterol 2) Long-Acting Anti-Cholinergic (LAAC) - Tiotropium 3) Inhaled Corticosteriods (ICS) - Budesonide 4) Combination - LABA + ICS - Salmeterol + Fluticasone 5) Combination - LAMA+ LABA - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol
50
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Action and Uses
- Bronchodilation - Prevention of bronchospasm - Long term control of COPD/Asthma
51
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Precautions
Can increase hypersensitivity for low control asthma
52
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Side/Adverse Effects
- Headaches - Nervousness - Tachycardia - Abdominal pain - Diarrhea - Nausea
53
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Nursing considerations
- Assess lung sounds - V/S (HR) - K+ Serum levels - Take as directed - Do not use to treat acute symptoms - Acute Asthma
54
Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Action and Uses
- Anti-cholinergic effect for long term brochospasm treatment - Rapid onset Treatmeant: COPD/Asthma
55
Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Precautions
Individuals should avoid if they are hypersensitive to milk products
56
Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Side/Adverse Effects
- Tachycardia - Dry mouth - Urinary retention - Urinary difficulty - Glaucoma
57
Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Nursing Considerations
- V/S (HR, RR) - Take mediation as directed - Vision exam - Assess for Edema on lips, tongue, throat) - Rinse mouth after use - bad taste
58
Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Action and Uses
- Long-Acting inflammatory/immunity modifier - Decreases frequency of asthma attacks - Maintenance treatment of Asthma - Improves symptoms of Asthma
59
Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Precautions
Some products contain alcohol/lactose avoid if hypersensitive to products
60
Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Side/Adverse Effects
- Headaches - Agitation - Depression - Dizziness - Insomnia - Restlessness - Bronchospasm - Diarrhea - Adrenal supression
61
Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Nursing consideration
- V/S (RR) - Assess lung sounds - Assess mood/mental health status - Asses clients changing from corticosterids to Budesonide - Anorexia/Fatigue - Monitor withdrawal symptoms - Assess hypersensitive reactions (Rash, Swelling)
62
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Action and Uses
- Control/prevent symptoms of Asthma - Fluticasone works as corticosteriods - Reduces irritation/swelling of airways - Long-acting Beta Agonist - open airways
63
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Precautions
- Hypertension clients - Caution use for diabetes - Caution for clients with history of TB - Heart disease
64
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Side/Adverse Effects
- Hoarseness - Throat Irritation - Headaches - Upset stomach - High BP - Blurred vision - Insomnia - Allergic reactions
65
Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Nursing Considerations
- V/S (BP, RR) - Assess lung sounds - ECG testing - Assess serum levels for K+ and Mg + - Promote hand hygiene as risk of infections are higher
66
Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Action and Uses
- Long acting muscarinic anatagonist and Beta 2 Agonist - Promotes bronchodilation - Control/prevent symptoms of COPD and severe Asthma
67
Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Precaution
- Not approved for Acute Asthma treatment | - Heart issues
68
Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Side/Adverse Effects
- Tremors - Nervousness - Painful urination - Muscle cramps/weakness - Increase BP - Chest pain - Dizziness - Irregular heartbeats
69
Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Nursing considerations
- V/S (HR, BP, RR) - Assess lung sounds - May lower K+ and Mg+ - Assess LOC
70
Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - Action
Have systemic actions to treat chronic diseases
71
Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - Types
Dexamethasone - Systemic actions
72
Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - - Dexamethasone - Function and treatment
- Suppress hypersensitivity and immune responses - Treatment for chronic respiratory diseases: - Inflammatory - Auto-immune - Hematologic - Respiratory issues for MS - Cerebral Edema - Allergic rhinitis
73
Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - - Dexamethasone - Precautions
- Contradicting in systemic fungal infections - increase infections - URTI risk - Avoid chronic use
74
Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers- Dexamethasone - Side/Adverse Effects
- Depression - Headaches - Personality changes - Restlessness - Weight gain - Insomnia - Growth suppression in children
75
Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers- Dexamethasone - Nursing considerations
- Assess mood/mental health - V/S (RR) - Avoid grapefruit juice - increases serum levels - Assess intake/output - Assess LOC
76
What are some health behavior changes to minimize symptoms of respiratory diseases?
- Stop Smoking - Hand hygiene - Cover coughs - Daily exercise - Health diet - Follow ups with healthcare professionals - Avoid polluted areas - Avoid exposure to viral infections - Immunization

Pharmacology Midterm 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions