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Pharmacology Midterm 2 > Module 8 - Respiratory Medication > Flashcards

Module 8 - Respiratory Medication Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Nasal Decongestant?

A

Dilation of the vessels in response to infection or allergen
(sympathetic response)

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2
Q

Medication - Ephedrine - Action and Uses

A
  • Temporary relief/CNS stimulant used to treat breathing problems
  • Reduces swelling
  • Widens lung airways
  • Decongestant
    Sympathetic response to promote: Bronchodilation, Heart rate
    Treatment: Bronchial Asthma, Allergies
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3
Q

Side/Adverse Effects - Ephedrine

A
  • Raise BP
  • Dizziness
  • Nervousness
  • Blurred vision
  • Vertigo
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Dry mouth
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4
Q

Nursing Education - Ephedrine

A
  • Ensure proper route of medication
  • V/S (HR, BP)
  • Safety for hypertension
  • Monitor cardiac output as may cause a decrease
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5
Q

Medication- Pseudophedrine- Actions and Uses

A

Upper respiratory medication that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages
Treatment: Nasal and Sinus congestion

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6
Q

Side/Adverse Effects - Pseudophedrine

A
  • Increase HR
  • Increase BP
  • Restlessness
  • Nervousness
  • Insomnia
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7
Q

What is rebound congestion?

A

Constant nasal congestion that develops from an overuse of nasal sprays/drops/gels that contain decongestant medication

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8
Q

Precautions - Decongestants

A
  • May decrease effects of epidural anesthetics

- May lead to tolerance and rebound congestion

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9
Q

Nursing Education - Pseudophedrine

A
  • Allergies
  • Diabetes
  • Cardiac history
  • V/S (HR/BP)
  • Monitor dependency on the drug
  • Lower dose if risk is high
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10
Q

What conditions do Nasal Decongestants treat?

A
  • Nasal congestion (stuffy nose)
  • Common cold
  • Hay fever
  • Allergies
  • Sinus pain/pressure
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11
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Action

A

Used to suppress the cough reflex (dry or non-productive cough) in the CNS
Medication: Pseudoephedrine- DM

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12
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Action and Uses

A
  • Treatment of cough, stuffy nose, and sinus pain/pressure
  • Contains a decongestant (Pseudoephedrine) and a non-opiod cough suppressant (Dextromethrophan)
  • Narrows blood vessels
  • Trade name = “Buckley’s”
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13
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Insomnia
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Nervousness
  • Irregular HR
  • Hallucinations
  • Shaking
  • Seizures
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14
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Precautions

A
  • Pregnant clients
  • Smokers
  • Interactions with caffeine may trigger adverse effects
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15
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Nursing consideration

A
  • Assess respiratory distress - SOB, difficulty breathing
  • V/S (HR)
  • Assess cough with sputum
  • Auscultate for adventitious sounds
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16
Q

Medications - Antitussives - Pseudoephedrine-DM - Treatments

A
  • Common Cold
  • Bronchitis
  • Sinus pressure
  • Nasal and Sinus congestion
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17
Q

Medication- Expectorants - Action and Uses

A
  • Upper Respiratory Medication that thins out phlegm in lungs and excretes out of the airway
    Treatment: Wet coughs and chest congestion
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18
Q

Expectorant - Guaifenesin- Actions and Uses

A
  • Loosens congestion in your chest and throat
  • Allows for easy excretion (coughing)
  • Used to reduce chest congestion by common cold, infections or allergies
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19
Q

Medication -Expectorant - Guaifensein - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Allergic reactions
  • Dizziness
  • Trouble breathing
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20
Q

Medication

- Expectorant - Nursing Consideration

A
  • Assess cough
  • Allergies
  • Respiratory assessment - Auscultate for rales
  • Clients with diabetes
  • Taken by mouth with or without food q4h
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21
Q

What is Histamine?

A
  • Histamine is a chemical produced by mast cells
  • Pro inflammatory agents
  • Responsible for runny nose, water eyes, blood vessel expansion and swelling skin
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22
Q

Medication- Antihistamines - Action and Uses

A
  • Block the effects of histamines by competing with receptor sites
  • Decreases vaso-permiability
  • Inhibits smooth muscle responses
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23
Q

Types of Antihistamines (-ine)?

A
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Fexofenadrine (Allegra)
  • Loratadine (Claritin)
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24
Q

Antihistamine - Diphenhydramine Actions and Uses

A
  • Blocks histamine
  • Anticholinergic (Sympathetic response)
  • Relieves symptoms of Allergy, hay fever and common cold
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25
Q

Antihistamine - Side and Effects of Diphenhydramine

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness/weakness
  • Upset stomach
  • Blurred vision
  • Dry mouth
  • Increased allergic reaction
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26
Q

Antihistamine - Diphenhydramine - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Be aware of clients with liver disease - it can worsen the symptoms
  • Contraindicated for people with Asthma
  • Encourage fluid intake
  • Avoid triggers
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27
Q

Precautions - Diphenhydramine

A
  • Do not operate machinery/drive after taking

- Older adults and children may be more sensitive to the medication

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28
Q

Antihistamines - Fexofenadine/Loratadine - Function

A
  • Similar treatment/effects/nursing considerations as diphenhydramine
  • Side effects are similar - do NOT cause drowsiness
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29
Q

Lower Respiratory Diseases

A
  • Pneumonia (Bacteria invades Alveoli - gas exchange difficult)
  • Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Bacteria invasion - elasticity reduced)
  • Asthma (Inflamed airways and constricted bronchioles)
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis (reduced elasticity)
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30
Q

Symptoms of Lower Respiratory Disease?

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest pain
  • Heavy chest
  • Barrel Chest
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Tachycardia
  • Cyanosis
  • Rales/Rhonchi
  • Low O2 saturation
  • Sputum
  • Nasal flaring
  • Irregular breathing
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31
Q

What are the two Lower Respiratory agents?

A
  • Bronchodilators

- Glucocorticosteriods

32
Q

Function of Bronchodilators - What do they do?

A
  • Open the bronchioles to allow for increased airflow
  • Beta 2- Agonists and Anticholinergic medication
  • Sympathetic Response
  • Used to manage COPD and Asthma
33
Q

Bronchodilator - Medication delivery devices

A
  • Instantaneous onset - Aerosol - delivers droplets/particles to immediate site
  • Nebulizers
  • Inhalers
  • Metered dose inhaler (pressured inhaler that delivers medication as a spray)
34
Q

Bronchodilator - Relievers (Short-Acting) - Types of Reliever medication?

A

1) Short-acting Beta 2 - agonist (SABA) - Salbutamol
2) Short-acting Anticholinergics (SAAC) - Ipratropium
3) Combination of SABA + SAAC - Salbutamol and Ipratropium

35
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever- Salbutamol - Action and Use

A
  • Symptomatic relief and prevention of bronchospasm due to Asthma and COPD
  • Bronchodilation
36
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever- Salbutamol - Onset, Peak and Duration time

A

Onset: 15-30 min after inhalation
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 4-6 hours

37
Q

Bronchodilator - Salbutamol - Precautions

A

Clients with cardiac disease, hypertension and diabetes - Can cause Arrhythmia

38
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Nervousness
  • Restlessness
  • Headaches
  • Insomnia
  • Arrhythmia
39
Q

Bronchodilator - Salbutamol - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Assess lung sounds
  • V/S (HR)
  • Take medication as directed
  • Medication is taken correctly - Client must wait 5 min before administering another dose
  • Rinse mouth after use - bad taste
40
Q

Bronchodilator- Ipratropium - Action and Uses

A
  • Anticholinergic agent that inhibits cholinergic receptors
  • Promotes Bronchodilation
    Treatment: COPD, Asthma, Allergies, Common cold
41
Q

Bronchodilator - Ipratropium - Onset, Peak and Duration

A
  • Onset: 1-3 min
  • Peak: 1-2 hours
  • Duration: 4-6 hours
42
Q

Bronchodilator- Ipratropium - Precaution

A
  • Urinary retention

- Precaution of use for clients with Glaucoma

43
Q

Bronchodilator - Ipratropium - Side/Adverse effects

A
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Nervousness
  • Blurred vision
  • Sore throat
  • Arrhythmia
  • Nausea
  • Rash
44
Q

Bronchodilator -Ipratropium - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Assess lung sounds
  • Take medication as directed - no double dose
  • Do not exceed 12 doses in 24 hours
  • Rinse mouth after use - bad taste
45
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) -Action and Uses

A
  • Bronchodilation
  • Combination of both to enhance effects and relax muscles
  • Blocks cholinergic receptors
    Treatment: COPD, Dyspnea/Wheezing - Asthma
46
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) - Precautions

A

Not for use for clients with heart disease or hypertension

47
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Dry mouth
  • Chest pain
  • Arrhythmia
  • Blurred vision
  • Allergic reaction
  • Increase BP
48
Q

Bronchodilator - Reliever - Salbutamol + Ipratropium (SABA + SAAC) - Nursing Considerations

A
  • Assess lung sounds
  • V/S (BP/HR)
  • Promote healthy lifestyle - No Smoking
  • Do not exceed 12 doses in 24 hrs
  • Increase activity (light-moderate)
49
Q

Bronchodilator - Controllers (Long-term control/Anti-inflammatory) - Types of Controllers

A

1) Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonist (LABA) - Salmeterol
2) Long-Acting Anti-Cholinergic (LAAC) - Tiotropium
3) Inhaled Corticosteriods (ICS) - Budesonide
4) Combination - LABA + ICS - Salmeterol + Fluticasone
5) Combination - LAMA+ LABA - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol

50
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Action and Uses

A
  • Bronchodilation
  • Prevention of bronchospasm
  • Long term control of COPD/Asthma
51
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Precautions

A

Can increase hypersensitivity for low control asthma

52
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Headaches
  • Nervousness
  • Tachycardia
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
53
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol - Nursing considerations

A
  • Assess lung sounds
  • V/S (HR)
  • K+ Serum levels
  • Take as directed
  • Do not use to treat acute symptoms - Acute Asthma
54
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Action and Uses

A
  • Anti-cholinergic effect for long term brochospasm treatment
  • Rapid onset
    Treatmeant: COPD/Asthma
55
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Precautions

A

Individuals should avoid if they are hypersensitive to milk products

56
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Dry mouth
  • Urinary retention
  • Urinary difficulty
  • Glaucoma
57
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Tiotropium - Nursing Considerations

A
  • V/S (HR, RR)
  • Take mediation as directed
  • Vision exam
  • Assess for Edema on lips, tongue, throat)
  • Rinse mouth after use - bad taste
58
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Action and Uses

A
  • Long-Acting inflammatory/immunity modifier
  • Decreases frequency of asthma attacks
  • Maintenance treatment of Asthma
  • Improves symptoms of Asthma
59
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Precautions

A

Some products contain alcohol/lactose avoid if hypersensitive to products

60
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Headaches
  • Agitation
  • Depression
  • Dizziness
  • Insomnia
  • Restlessness
  • Bronchospasm
  • Diarrhea
  • Adrenal supression
61
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Budesonide - Nursing consideration

A
  • V/S (RR)
  • Assess lung sounds
  • Assess mood/mental health status
  • Asses clients changing from corticosterids to Budesonide - Anorexia/Fatigue
  • Monitor withdrawal symptoms
  • Assess hypersensitive reactions (Rash, Swelling)
62
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Action and Uses

A
  • Control/prevent symptoms of Asthma
  • Fluticasone works as corticosteriods
  • Reduces irritation/swelling of airways
  • Long-acting Beta Agonist - open airways
63
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Precautions

A
  • Hypertension clients
  • Caution use for diabetes
  • Caution for clients with history of TB
  • Heart disease
64
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Hoarseness
  • Throat Irritation
  • Headaches
  • Upset stomach
  • High BP
  • Blurred vision
  • Insomnia
  • Allergic reactions
65
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Salmeterol and Fluticasone - Nursing Considerations

A
  • V/S (BP, RR)
  • Assess lung sounds
  • ECG testing
  • Assess serum levels for K+ and Mg +
  • Promote hand hygiene as risk of infections are higher
66
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Action and Uses

A
  • Long acting muscarinic anatagonist and Beta 2 Agonist
  • Promotes bronchodilation
  • Control/prevent symptoms of COPD and severe Asthma
67
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Precaution

A
  • Not approved for Acute Asthma treatment

- Heart issues

68
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Tremors
  • Nervousness
  • Painful urination
  • Muscle cramps/weakness
  • Increase BP
  • Chest pain
  • Dizziness
  • Irregular heartbeats
69
Q

Bronchodilator - Controller - Umeclidinium + Vilanterol - Nursing considerations

A
  • V/S (HR, BP, RR)
  • Assess lung sounds
  • May lower K+ and Mg+
  • Assess LOC
70
Q

Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - Action

A

Have systemic actions to treat chronic diseases

71
Q

Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - Types

A

Dexamethasone - Systemic actions

72
Q

Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - - Dexamethasone - Function and treatment

A
  • Suppress hypersensitivity and immune responses
  • Treatment for chronic respiratory diseases:
  • Inflammatory
  • Auto-immune
  • Hematologic
  • Respiratory issues for MS
  • Cerebral Edema
  • Allergic rhinitis
73
Q

Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers - - Dexamethasone - Precautions

A
  • Contradicting in systemic fungal infections - increase infections
  • URTI risk
  • Avoid chronic use
74
Q

Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers- Dexamethasone - Side/Adverse Effects

A
  • Depression
  • Headaches
  • Personality changes
  • Restlessness
  • Weight gain
  • Insomnia
  • Growth suppression in children
75
Q

Glucocorticosterioids - Relievers- Dexamethasone - Nursing considerations

A
  • Assess mood/mental health
  • V/S (RR)
  • Avoid grapefruit juice - increases serum levels
  • Assess intake/output
  • Assess LOC
76
Q

What are some health behavior changes to minimize symptoms of respiratory diseases?

A
  • Stop Smoking
  • Hand hygiene
  • Cover coughs
  • Daily exercise
  • Health diet
  • Follow ups with healthcare professionals
  • Avoid polluted areas
  • Avoid exposure to viral infections
  • Immunization

Pharmacology Midterm 2 (4 decks)

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