Module 10 - Psychopharamcology Flashcards
Anti-psychotics - What are they?
- Should be a last resort when dealing with reactive behaviours
- Actions not full understood
- Absorbed radically
- Same side effects as low dopamine
Adverse Effects of Anti-psychotics
Extra-pyramidal syndrome (EPS): Movement Disorders
- Parkinsonism (similar to PD)
- Dystonia (muscle spasm)
- Akathisia (inability to sit still)
- Effects sometimes irreversible
- Tongue thrusting and involuntary movements
Anti-psychotic - Medication
- quetipane
- haloperdol
- risperidrone
- olazapine
Anti-psychotic Therapeutic Uses and Nursing Considerations
- Confirmed diagnosis ex) schizophrenia
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
NC: - Assess mood/behaviour
- Assess reason
- Assess LOC
- V/S: RR, HR
- Mobility assessment
Typical Antidepressants Medications (3) and Atypical Antidepressants (5)
Typical:
1) Selective Serotonin Reuptake -Inhibitors (SSRI)
2) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
3) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
Atypical:
1) Norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitors, ex: atomoxetine
2) NE and Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, ex: bupropion
3) S and NE reuptake inhibitors, ex: venlafaxine, duloxetine
4) Serotonin antagonist-reuptake inhibitor (SARI), ex: trazodone
Others, ex: mirtazapine
Anti-depressants (ALL) - Actions and Use
- Elevate mood
- Treat Anxiety
- Personality disorders
- Impulse control
- Control seizures and migraines (In combination with other drugs)
Anti-Depressant - SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) - Action and Use
- Works by slowing the re-uptake of serotonin (Neurotransmitter) into the pre-synapse
- Treats depression by elevating mood
- Takes up to 5 weeks to reach maximum therapeutic effect
TCA (Tricyclic antidepressants) - Actions and Use
- Inhibits the re-uptake of NE and Serotonin into the pre-synaptic neuron
- Increases action to stabilize mood
MAOI’s (Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors) - Actions
Inhibit monoamine oxidase (enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters)
- Treatment of severe depression and psychosis
Foods to avoid will taking Anti-Depressants
Tyramine rich foods:
- Cheese
- Yogurt
- Coffee
- Chocolate
- Bananas
- Raisins
- Liver
- Beer
- Red wine
What to avoid with SSRI and TCA?
- Alcohol (Increases sedation)
- Combining with other antidepressants
Anti-depressants- Side/Adverse Effects
- Drowsiness
- Sedation
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Palpitations
- Insomnia
- Confusion
Anti-Depressants - Nursing Considerations
- V/S: RR, HR, BP
- Assess mood/behaviour
- Assess LOC
- Nutrition
- Dependency
ADHD Medications - Actions and Use
- CNS stimulant
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Helps to focus on tasks
Medication: methylphenidate (Ritalin), lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse)
ADHD Medications - Nursing Considerations
- High potential for abuse
- Monitor vitals
- Assess intake/output
- Assess LOC
- Assess weight - record severe weight loss
ADHD Medications - Side/Adverse Effects
- Fatigue
- Decreased appetite
- Dizziness
- Headaches
- Increased BP
- Weight loss
What is an Analgesic?
medications that help relieve pain
Non- Opioid Analgesics - Action and Use
- Acts on PNS
Medication Types: Salicylates, Acetaminophen, Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics - Action and Use
- Act in the CNS
- Mimic endorphins
- Treats moderate - severe pain
- Controlled substance
- Tightly controlled medication - locked in cupboard
Non Opioid Analgesics -Salicylates - Action and Uses
- Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (Localized pain)
- Decreases inflammation
Medication: Antipyretic - Stimulates hypothalamus to increase sweating - acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) - Aspirin
Salicylates - Side/Adverse Effects
- GI upset
- Abdominal cramps
- Tinnitus
- Hearing loss
- Reye’s syndrome
- Bleeding
Salicylates - Nursing considerations
- Assess for bleeding
- V/S: BP
- Assess abdominal area
- Hearing exam
- Assess for over use of medication
Non Opioid Analgesics- Acetaminophen - Action and Use
- Suppress localized pain
- Non-inflammatory effect
Medication: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Acetaminophen - Side/Adverse Effects
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Increased sweating
- Acute allergic reaction
- Acute liver failure
