Module 8: Reasons For Unreason (Heuristics) Flashcards
What is availability heuristic?
A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory
If instances of something come readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace
What is illusory correlation?
Perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
What is illusion of control?
Perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control or as more controllable than they are
What is regression toward the average?
The statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return toward one’s average
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment
What is behavioral confirmation?
A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations
Who is Tverski and Kahneman?
They were interested in how people use heuristics
What is heuristics? (Class)
Humans have automatic perceptions of other people and you can not helped
- Rule of judgement
According to the study of
One of the heuristics to use is called availability
What is availability
-When you are trying to guess how common something is you have a very simple heuristic
-Because the more easy to imagine then the more likely is to be
-you are going to overestimate that
People in Hollywood
Ex of heuristics
- 9/11 since I watch plane crashes I am going to overestimate the likelihood that I am going to die in a plane crash
Characteristics of heuristics
- Overestimate things that are Salient Vivid Memorable - Explains people fears Ex duck
What is a representativeness heuristics?
Category membership judgement
Is ok to use when category has a very high base rate, but it gives you false alarms of the low rates.
Ex doctor says you have a cold
There are multiple categories you can use for something horse, zebra,
What is illusory correlations?
Things that don’t exist
Believing this relationship between to variables
You get this idea on your head and you use confirmation bias
Example of RH
The person that looks like a professor
