Module 8 Classification

Question 1

• descent through time
• a set of organisms interconnected through time and space

Answer 1

Lineage

Question 2

groups of the population that are related to one another

Answer 2

species

Question 3

groups of individuals from the same species

Answer 3

population

Question 4

• process
• the history of the evolution of a species or group

Answer 4

phylogeny

Question 5

• hypotheses about the lineages and their evolutionary relationship

Answer 5

cladogram

Question 6

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Answer 6

Genetic Drift

Question 7

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population

Answer 7

Founder Effect

Question 8

features that have no apparent function

Answer 8

vestigial structure

Question 9

living fossil

Answer 9

tamilok/shipworm

Question 10

organisms best suited to their environment to survive and reproduce and thus becoming dominant

Answer 10

“survival of the fittest”

Question 11

maximum reproductive rate of population

Answer 11

Biotic Potential

Question 12

assigns every organism a
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

Answer 12

Linnaean system of classification

Question 13

names only clades —
groups of organisms that are all descended from a common
ancestor

Answer 13

phylogenetic classification system

Question 14

needed to breakdown lactose (milk sugar) in the body

Answer 14

Lactase

Question 15

a condition caused by a genetic mutation that leads to
misshapen red blood cells that look like a crescent or sickle

Answer 15

Sickle - Cell Anemia

Question 16

. There was a genetic mutation in the ____ that adds ____ (pigmentation) to our eyes that essentially turned the gene off.

Answer 16

OCA2 gene

melanin

Question 17

Who live at altitudes above 10,000 feet in the Himalayan highlands, and have blood that produces more of the oxygen-transporting hemoglobin protein.

Answer 17

Indigenous Tibetans

Question 18

used to secrete digestive enzymes that were needed to break-down
our previous diet of cellulose-rich plants.

Answer 18

Appendix

Question 19

serve no purpose to modern humans, but when we were much
harrier, they probably served the same function that the arrector pili serve in other mammals

Answer 19

Arrector Pili (goose bumps)