Module 8

Question 1

arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

general term that refers to hardening (and loss of elasticity) of arteries

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to narrowing and reduced blood flow

Question 3

peripheral vascular disease

Answer 3

a group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis

Question 4

obesity

Answer 4

condition of subcutaneous fat exceeding the amount of lean body mass

Question 5

diabetes

Answer 5

chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and proteins

Question 6

hypertension

Answer 6

consistently elevated arterial blood pressure which, if sustained at high enough levels, is likely to induce cardiovascular or end-organ damage

Question 7

valsalva maneuver

Answer 7

a maneuver in which a person tries to exhale forcible with a closed glottis (windpipe) so that no air exits through the mouth or nose, as for example, in lifting a heavy weight; impedes the return of venous blood to the heart

Question 8

osteopenia

Answer 8

a decrease in the calcification or density of bone as well as reduced bone mass

Question 9

osteoporosis

Answer 9

condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between bones, resulting in porosity and fragility

Question 10

arthritis

Answer 10

chronic inflammation of the joints

Question 11

osteoarthritis

Answer 11

arthritis in which cartilage becomes soft, frayed, or thins out as a result of trauma or other conditions

Question 12

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

arthritis primarily affecting connective tissues, in which there is a thickening of articular soft tissue, and extension of synovial tissue over articular cartilages that have become eroded

Question 13

cancer

Answer 13

any of various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invade surrounding tissues, may metastasize to several sites, and are likely to secure after attempted removal and to cause death of the patient unless adequately treated

Question 14

restrictive lung disease

Answer 14

condition of fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lunges

Question 15

chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 15

condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production

Question 16

intermittent claudication

Answer 16

the manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease

Question 17

peripheral arterial disease

Answer 17

a condition characterized by the narrowing of the major arteries that are responsible for supplying blood to the lower extremities

Question 18

nutrition

Answer 18

the process by which a living organisms assimilates food and uses it for growth and repair of tissues

Question 19

calorie (lower case c)

Answer 19

amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius

Question 20

Calorie (upper case C)

Answer 20

common unit of expression of energy equal to 1000 calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of one kilogram or liter of water by one degree C

Question 21

kilocalorie

Answer 21

scientific unit of expression of energy equal to 1000 calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of one kilogram or liter of water by one degree C

Question 22

protein

Answer 22

amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 23

carbohydrates

Answer 23

neutral compounds of Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (such as sugars, starches, and cellulose), which make up a large portion of animal foods

Question 24

lipids

Answer 24

a group of compounds that include triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols

Question 25

dietary supplement

Answer 25

a substance that completes or makes an addition to daily dietary intake

Question 26

exercise imagery

Answer 26

process created to produce internalized experience to support or enhance exercise participation