Module 8 Flashcards
Dynamic lung measurements are good for distinguishing between RESTRICTIVE and OBSTRUCTIVE respiratory problems. Identify a typical disease for each problem?
Restrictive: Fibrosis of the lung; acute respiratory disorder syndrome (ARDS) Obstructive: Asthma or emphysema.
How would a restrictive respiratory disease affect a person’s breathing and more particularly their dynamic lung measurements?
Decrease in lung capacity
How would an obstructive respiratory disease affect a person’s breathing and more particularly their dynamic lung measurements?
Airways narrowed or collapsing on expiration
Explain restrictive lung disease
Restrictive Lung Diseases (Figure. 8.1): Persons with this type of respiratory problem generally have difficulty in getting a full amount of air into their lungs on inspiration. On expiration, there is no airway collapse, so: i) the FEV1sec /FVC ratio (FEV1%) closer to (1.0) ii) but with decreased values for both FEV1sec and FVC
Explain obstructive lung disease
Obstructive Diseases (OD) Persons with this type of respiratory problem generally have difficulty in getting the air out from their lungs on expiration. They are diagnosed by measuring the FEV1sec /FVC ratio (FEV1%).
Fill out the following diagram
At vertebral level T4/T5 the trachea divides into:
left and right primary bronchi
Examine the two primary bronchi (size: diameter & angle to the trachea) and determine which lung are foreign objects more likely to be inhaled into.
Right lung as its primary bronchi into is more vertical and wider than left.
How many secondary bronchi (lobar) are there in each lung?
Right lung: 3 (one to each of the three lobes), Left lung: 2 (one for each to the two lobes)
Define the term Bronchopulmonary segment.
Segment of lung tissue which is served by its own tertiary bronchus, artery/vein and lymphatics
Approximately how many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?
10 per lung (some books may say 10 in right and 8 in left)
What is the function of cartilage in the airway?
To hold the airway open.
Tertiary bronchi branch from the secondary bronchi; why are they sometimes called segmental bronchi?
Each tertiary bronchus serves one bronchopulmonary segment.
Fill in the following table
The bronchopulmonary segments are further subdivided into lung lobules served by bronchioles, are these visible to the naked eye?
yes
What is a characteristic of bronchioles?
Absence of cartilage, presence of submucosal ring of smooth muccle. Submucosal glands also absent
If there is no cartilage present in the bronchioles, what holds the airway open?
Smooth muscle
What distinguishes a terminal bronchiole from a respiratory bronchiole?
The respiratory bronchiole has alveoli budding directly off it
What kind of blood supply do the lungs/bronchial tree have?
a DOUBLE blood supply, meaning they have blood entering and leaving by two sets of blood vessels, the pulmonary vessels (arteries and veins) and the bronchial vessels (arteries and veins)
The last part of the conducting portion is known as the:
Terminal bronchiole
What distinguishes a terminal bronchiole from a respiratory bronchiole?
The respiratory bronchiole has alveoli budding directly off it
Fill in the following table
Fill in the following diagram
What are the two types of cells found in the alveolar epithelial layer?
Pneumocyte type I (Alveolar cell type I)- Gas exchange
Pneumocyte type II (Alveolar cell type ii)- Secrete surfactant
