Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ISAP > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Complete the table describing the respiratory functions of each of the following organs:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fill in the following table

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the structures in the upper respiratory system?

A

Nose, pharynx, paranasal sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What function do hairs have in the nose?

A

Filtering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Beyond the vestibule, the nasal cavity is lined by two types of mucosa. These are the , lining the superior part of the cavity and containing receptors and the mucosa, which lines the rest of the cavity. The latter consists of epithelium with mucous-secreting goblet cells and an underlying lamina propria rich in mucous and serous glands.

A

Beyond the vestibule, the nasal cavity is lined by two types of mucosa. These are the olfactory mucosa, lining the superior part of the cavity and containing olfactory receptors and the respiratory mucosa, which lines the rest of the cavity. The latter consists of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with mucous-secreting goblet cells and an underlying lamina propria rich in mucous and serous glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities lined with respiratory mucosa, inside bones that surround the nasal cavity. What is their likely function?

A

Lighten skull, aid in the warming & moistening of air, produce mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the skull bones contain the major paranasal sinuses (there are only four)? Name them: (look at the x-ray images).

A

Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the following diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fill in the following diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of structure #2?

A

Prevents food from entering the larynx/trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do you find the GLOTTIS?

A

Opening between the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Look at the midsagittal specimen of the larynx and distinguish between the true & false vocal cords. a. What is the function of the FALSE vocal cords?

A

Help close glottis when swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the TRUE vocal cords?

A

Vibrate and produce sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Concerning voice production, a. How is the pitch of the voice altered?

A

By altering the length and tension of vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Look at the working model, which laryngeal cartilages are concerned with achieving this?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What shape are the tracheal cartilages?

A

C-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of cartilage are they?

A

Hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tube-like structure located directly behind the trachea?

A

Oesophagus

19
Q

Where the trachea divides into the two primary bronchi, find the Y-shaped cartilage. What is it called?

A

Carina

20
Q

At this position, the tracheal epithelium is very sensitive to mechanical touch? If touched, what reflex does it evoke?

A

Cough reflex.

21
Q

) In which body cavity do the lungs lie?

A

thoracic cavity, ventral cavity

22
Q

What membrane is found covering the external surface of the lung?

A

Visceral Pleura

23
Q

Where do you find the parietal pleura?

A

Lining the inside of the thoracic wall

24
Q

Name the fluid secreted by these membranes.

A

Serous / pleural fluid

25
Q

What is its function?

A

Lubricates wall allowing lungs to hold onto and glide over wall during breathing

26
Q

The hilum of the lung can be found on which surface of the lung?

A

medial

27
Q

Examine the lung hilum and list the structures which enter/exit at this point.

A

Pulmonary arteries, primary/secondary bronchi, veins, lymphatics & nerves, bronchial a & v

28
Q

Examine the lungs and the cavity in which the lungs lie. Note that the internal wall of the cavity is covered in a smooth membrane called parietal pleura. Where is the visceral pleura?

A

Surrounding the lung

29
Q

When the muscles of inspiration contract, they cause the expansion (increase in volume) of the thoracic cavity. How is this expansion of the chest wall transmitted to the lungs?

Between the two pleura is a potential space, the , which contains a small amount of . As well as providing a environment for lung expansion/contraction, forces between the two pleura ensure that by the chest wall during is directly transmitted to the lungs, which also expand outward, thus reducing pressure to draw air into the lungs.

A

Between the two pleura is a potential space, the pleural cavity , which contains a small amount of pleural fluid . As well as providing a closed environment for lung expansion/contraction, cohesive forces between the two pleura ensure that expansion by the chest wall during inspiration is directly transmitted to the lungs, which also expand outward, thus reducing intrapulmonary pressure to draw air into the lungs.

30
Q

What happens to the diaphragm (i.e. moves up or down) during: Inspiration?Expiration?

A

Move downwards, Move upwards

31
Q

Fill in

A
32
Q

Which respiratory muscles are used for:

Quiet Inspiration?

Quiet Expiration?

Forced Inspiration?

Forced Expiration?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

None

Diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pec minor

Internal intercostals, abdominals

33
Q

What is the average tidal volume (TV) for a normal individual?

A

500 ml

34
Q

How much of the TV gets to the respiratory exchange surfaces in the lungs?

A

350 ml (70%)

35
Q

What happens to the remainder of the volume?

A

Taken up by the volume of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea & non-respiratory airways

36
Q

What is this non-respiratory volume collectively called?

A

Anatomical dead space

37
Q
A
38
Q

What is the main reason for using dynamic lung measurements?

A

Gives information about the RATE OF FLOW of air movement

39
Q

Males generally have a larger vital capacity than females for a given age and height.

Why?

Caused by?

A

Greater dimensions in body size especially chest size

Testosterone

40
Q

If there was a significant difference (>5%) between your measurement and that derived from the nomogram; how do you think this could have occurred?

A

Subject may not be compatible with the nomogram data. The best reference set to use is one that is comprised of subjects who are similar to your patient (local sets are best, but not always available).

41
Q

How are nomograms constructed? You may need to look this up on the internet.

A

Respiratory and morphometric parameters are obtained from a large group of healthy individuals to provide a reference population. Ideally the participants should have healthy lungs in healthy bodies and not be smokers. Mathematical equations are created from the data to construct nomograms to predict respiratory values from morphometric data.

42
Q

What factors would you take into consideration if you were asked to construct a nomogram for respiratory values based upon the Curtin student population?

A

Ethnic group; age; gender; body size; ± smokers. Other factors to consider would be environmental (altitude, climate, air pollution, smoking history); biological (nutritional status, fitness, absence of disease) and technical (measurement protocol, equipment used & calibration).

43
Q

What percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive when the body is at rest?

A

20 - 25% (1.0 - 1.25 litres blood min-1 )

ISAP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions