Module 8 Flashcards
Also known as genetic engineering
Isolate and manipulate genes in vitro
Cloning of specific genes using vectors
Endow engineered cells with new synthetic capabilities
Recombinant DNA Technology
A DNA molecule into which a DNA fragment can be introduced and which can replicate in a suitable host organism
Vector
Three properties of generally used vectors
1.The vector DNA can be introduced into a host cell relatively easily
2.The vector and the DNA it contains can be replicated inside the host cell
3.Cells containing the vector can be identified in a straightforward manner
Types of Vector (5)
- Plasmid vector
- λphage vector
- Cosmid vector
- Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)
- Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)
Type of vector that carries up to 10 kb
Plasmid Vector
Type of vector that substitutes the central gene cluster, which is not essential for infection and phage propagation; usually ~20kb in length
Lambda-phage
Vector that acts as a plasmid but also contains phage single-stranded sticky ends that tend to bind to each other; Usually ~50kb in length
Cosmid Vector
Type of vector that is approximately ~300 kb in length, specific for use in Bacterial cells
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)
Type of vector ranging from 100-1000 kbs in length, built using an initial circular plasmid, designed usually for eukaryotes
Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)
How is the linear DNA isolated in YACs
Circular Plasmid breaks into two linear molecules by restriction enzymes
DNA ligase ligates a sequence or gene of interest between the two large molecules
Results in a single large linear piece of DNA
Different levels of molecular genetics studies (3):
Genome
Transcriptome
Proteome
Level of molecular genetic studies that studies an organism’s complete set of DNA (or RNA), including all its genes
Genome
Level of molecular genetic studies that studies an organism’s complete set of RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, non-coding RNA) transcribed by its cell or cells
Transcriptome
Level of molecular genetic studies that studies an entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time
Proteome
Genome size in haploid organisms refers to _______?
The total amount of DNA in the genome of Haploid organisms
Genome size in Diploid or polyploid organisms refers to _______?
The amount of DNA in the UNREPLICATED haploid genome like those in the gametes.
Stands for ‘constant’ or ‘characteristic’
Denotes the fact that the size of the haploid genome shows little intraspecific variability, i.e., it is fairly constant within any one species and varies considerably across species.
C- Value
What is the C-Value Paradox?
Substantial part of the eukaryotic genome consists of DNA that does not contain genetic information.
Due to introns and other non-genic portions of DNA, DNA size does not necessarily equal functional complexity.
Development and application of new mapping, sequencing and computational procedures for the analysis of the entire genome of organisms
Genomics
Fields of Genomics
Structural genomics
Functional genomics
Comparative genomics
Field of genomics tackling Genetic mapping, physical mapping and sequencing of entire genomes
Structural Genomics
Field of genomics tackling Comprehensive analysis of the functions of gene and non-gene sequences in entire genomes
Functional Genomics
Field of genomics tackling Comparison of entire genomes of different species to understand the functions of each genome, including its evolutionary relationships
Comparative Genomics
Two approaches to genome sequencing
Mapping Approach
Whole genome shotgun approach
Generates high-resolution genetic and physical maps of the genome, then sequence the segments in an orderly manner
Mapping approach of genome sequencing
Break up the genome into random, overlapping fragments and then sequence and assemble the fragments using computer algorithms
Whole genome shotgun approach of genome sequencing
Also called chromosome walking due to process of layering a sort of “scaffolding” or overlapping ordered clones to sequence a genome
Mapping Approach
Have you been drinking enough water?
It should be yes, anw good luck with review
