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BIO 140 > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Also known as genetic engineering

Isolate and manipulate genes in vitro

Cloning of specific genes using vectors

Endow engineered cells with new synthetic capabilities

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

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2
Q

A DNA molecule into which a DNA fragment can be introduced and which can replicate in a suitable host organism

A

Vector

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3
Q

Three properties of generally used vectors

A

1.The vector DNA can be introduced into a host cell relatively easily

2.The vector and the DNA it contains can be replicated inside the host cell

3.Cells containing the vector can be identified in a straightforward manner

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4
Q

Types of Vector (5)

A
  1. Plasmid vector
  2. λphage vector
  3. Cosmid vector
  4. Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)
  5. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)
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5
Q

Type of vector that carries up to 10 kb

A

Plasmid Vector

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6
Q

Type of vector that substitutes the central gene cluster, which is not essential for infection and phage propagation; usually ~20kb in length

A

Lambda-phage

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7
Q

Vector that acts as a plasmid but also contains phage single-stranded sticky ends that tend to bind to each other; Usually ~50kb in length

A

Cosmid Vector

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8
Q

Type of vector that is approximately ~300 kb in length, specific for use in Bacterial cells

A

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)

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9
Q

Type of vector ranging from 100-1000 kbs in length, built using an initial circular plasmid, designed usually for eukaryotes

A

Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)

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10
Q

How is the linear DNA isolated in YACs

A

Circular Plasmid breaks into two linear molecules by restriction enzymes

DNA ligase ligates a sequence or gene of interest between the two large molecules

Results in a single large linear piece of DNA

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11
Q

Different levels of molecular genetics studies (3):

A

Genome
Transcriptome
Proteome

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12
Q

Level of molecular genetic studies that studies an organism’s complete set of DNA (or RNA), including all its genes

A

Genome

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13
Q

Level of molecular genetic studies that studies an organism’s complete set of RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, non-coding RNA) transcribed by its cell or cells

A

Transcriptome

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14
Q

Level of molecular genetic studies that studies an entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time

A

Proteome

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15
Q

Genome size in haploid organisms refers to _______?

A

The total amount of DNA in the genome of Haploid organisms

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16
Q

Genome size in Diploid or polyploid organisms refers to _______?

A

The amount of DNA in the UNREPLICATED haploid genome like those in the gametes.

17
Q

Stands for ‘constant’ or ‘characteristic’

Denotes the fact that the size of the haploid genome shows little intraspecific variability, i.e., it is fairly constant within any one species and varies considerably across species.

A

C- Value

18
Q

What is the C-Value Paradox?

A

Substantial part of the eukaryotic genome consists of DNA that does not contain genetic information.

Due to introns and other non-genic portions of DNA, DNA size does not necessarily equal functional complexity.

19
Q

Development and application of new mapping, sequencing and computational procedures for the analysis of the entire genome of organisms

A

Genomics

20
Q

Fields of Genomics

A

Structural genomics

Functional genomics

Comparative genomics

21
Q

Field of genomics tackling Genetic mapping, physical mapping and sequencing of entire genomes

A

Structural Genomics

22
Q

Field of genomics tackling Comprehensive analysis of the functions of gene and non-gene sequences in entire genomes

A

Functional Genomics

23
Q

Field of genomics tackling Comparison of entire genomes of different species to understand the functions of each genome, including its evolutionary relationships

A

Comparative Genomics

24
Q

Two approaches to genome sequencing

A

Mapping Approach

Whole genome shotgun approach

25
Q

Generates high-resolution genetic and physical maps of the genome, then sequence the segments in an orderly manner

A

Mapping approach of genome sequencing

26
Q

Break up the genome into random, overlapping fragments and then sequence and assemble the fragments using computer algorithms

A

Whole genome shotgun approach of genome sequencing

27
Q

Also called chromosome walking due to process of layering a sort of “scaffolding” or overlapping ordered clones to sequence a genome

A

Mapping Approach

28
Q

Have you been drinking enough water?

A

It should be yes, anw good luck with review

BIO 140 (8 decks)

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