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Equine (Finals) > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

site of a large amount of microbial digestion, similar to the
rumen in cattle.

A

cecum

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2
Q

important for ingestion of feed.

A

mouth

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3
Q

Horses chew (“jaw
sweeps”)

A

60,000 per day.

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4
Q

Horses have
three salivary glands that can produce

A

10 gallons of saliva/ day.

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5
Q

Saliva
ingredients

A

Bicarbonate and Amylase.

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6
Q

used for grasping.

A

Lips, tongue and teeth

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7
Q

efficiently crops grass

A

horses’ fore-teeth

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8
Q

primarily involved in grinding.

A

back teeth

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9
Q

Horses spends ___ of their life
grazing

A

95%

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10
Q

they may lose their teeth at

A

2 or 3 years

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11
Q

simple muscular tube

A

horses esophagus

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12
Q

length of horses esophagus

A

(50 to 60 inches

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13
Q

(__% of the capacity of the entire digestive system). Horses stomach

A

10

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14
Q

The
stomach holds only ————– of feedstuffs

A

7.5 to 15 L (2 to 4 gallons)

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15
Q

Horses stomach is only about —
of the total capacity of the digestive tract.

A

8%

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16
Q

The rate of passage of ingested
feed through the stomach is

A

rapid; usually less than 2 hours.

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17
Q

Horses stomach functions well at three
quarters full and dose not do well when empty.

A
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18
Q

The small intestine is about long

A

21 m (70 ft)

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19
Q

The small intestine holds
about

A

45 L (12 gallons).

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20
Q

The rate of passage of ingested feed through the small
intestine is

A

fairly rapid, from 45 minutes to 8 hours.

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21
Q

Digestion and
absorption of some of the minerals and many of the vitamins takes place in the

A

small intestine.

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22
Q

The large intestine includes the

A

cecum and the
colon.

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23
Q

The large intestine comprises about – of the capacity of the digestive
tract.

A

60%

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24
Q

the rate
of passage through the large intestine is

A

slow, usually 50 to 60 hours.

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25
Q

located at the junction of the small intestine
and large intestine.

A

cecum

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26
Q

microbes in the
cecum and colon synthesize ,

A

B vitamins

27
Q

The large colon is

A

12 feet long & 10 inches diameter

28
Q

it is
where B- group vitamins, minerals and phosphorus are absorbed.

A

large colon

29
Q

small
colon are

A

are10 ft long & 4 inches diameter

30
Q

where the fecal balls are formed.

A

small
colon

31
Q

Horses drink ____ of water per day during normal
environmental conditions.

A

37.85 to 45.42 L (10 to 12 gallons)

32
Q

During hot weather or when exercising intensely,
horses may require up to ___ that amount as a result of fluids lost through
sweating and respiration.

A

twice

33
Q

Pregnant mares require more water than
do nonpregnant mares,

A

(about 10%)

34
Q

lactating mares require ______ more water.

A

50% to 75%

35
Q

Of the feed horses eat, ______ converts to energy.

A

80% to 90%

36
Q

In the diet,
digestible energy (DE) is measured in

A

“megacalories” (Mcal) or “kilocalories”
(Kcal).

37
Q

an effective way to monitor the
horse’s energy status

A

body condition scoring system

38
Q

are referred to as soluble or hydrolysable carbohydrates

A

sugar and
starch

39
Q

as insoluble or fermentable carbohydrate.

A

cellulose

40
Q

should
only be given at a minimal amount in horse’s diet.

A

simple sugars

41
Q

Fat or
oil can be added to a grain mix at up to ___ of the concentrate without
impairing digestibility of the feed.

A

10%

42
Q

NRC recommends a dietary minimum for linoleic acid of ___ of dry matter in the
diet.

A

0.5%

43
Q

levels are usually
adequate in typical diets fed to horses.

A

Magnesium and sulfur

44
Q

The B-complex vitamins, except for _____ , are usually supplied in adequate amounts in high quality forage.

A

vitamin
B12

45
Q

mainstay of any horse’s diet.

A

Hay

46
Q

which has higher
protein, three times the calcium and more vitamins than grass hay, is often fed
to young, growing horses and lactating broodmares.

A

Alfalfa hay

47
Q

provide fiber and energy and are the safest horse grain.

A

Oats

48
Q

does not provide
much fiber but provides twice the energy content as the same volume of oats.

A

Corn

49
Q

Make use of the pasture by grazing the horses when it is

A

4 to 6 inches tall.

50
Q

Moldy or spoiled feed can cause

A

colic.

51
Q

are mature, idle horses that are neither pregnant
nor lactating.

A

Maintenance horses

52
Q

For those horses that are more sedentary, the daily energy
requirement is

A

30.3 kcal/kg body weight.

53
Q

Minimum: BW x 1.08g CP/kg BW/day
Average: BW x 1.26g CP/kg BW/day
Elevated: BW x 1.44g CP/kg BW/day

A
54
Q

The energy requirement of growing horses is

A

the total energy required
for maintenance plus the energy required for gain.

55
Q

Total daily feed
intake by mares (hay plus concentrate) normally ranges from ______, with 2% serving as an average.

A

1.5% to 3% of
bodyweight

56
Q

It is during the ______ that
the greatest amount of mineral retention occurs in the unborn foal.

A

tenth month

57
Q

Mares produce an average of _____ of milk
daily during a 5-month lactation period.

A

11 kg (i.e., 11 L, 24 lb, or 3 gallons)

58
Q

A good recommended range in protein content for a performance
horse feed is

A

10% to 14% crude protein.

59
Q

Horses prefer tepid water from .

A

7.2° C to 23.9° C (45° F to 75° F)

60
Q

Horses need to consume at least ___ of their body weight per day as
roughage

A

1%

61
Q

Ideally, the temperature
of the available water should be between

A

7° C and 18° C (45° F and 65° F).

62
Q

Disorders of the small intestine

A

enhancing hindgut fermentation and digestion by:

63
Q

Disorders of large intestine

A

a. Requires maintenance of horses through enteral nutrition at first
b. As soon as the horse is stabilized protein, carbohydrate, and fat
should be provided through highly digestible grain sources
c. Feed fermentable fibers
d. Supplementation of B-complex and K vitamins
e. Supplementation of Probiotic
f. Omeprazole treatment

Equine (Finals) (4 decks)

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