Module 8

Question 1

site of a large amount of microbial digestion, similar to the
rumen in cattle.

Answer 1

cecum

Question 2

important for ingestion of feed.

Answer 2

mouth

Question 3

Horses chew (“jaw
sweeps”)

Answer 3

60,000 per day.

Question 4

Horses have
three salivary glands that can produce

Answer 4

10 gallons of saliva/ day.

Question 5

Saliva
ingredients

Answer 5

Bicarbonate and Amylase.

Question 6

used for grasping.

Answer 6

Lips, tongue and teeth

Question 7

efficiently crops grass

Answer 7

horses’ fore-teeth

Question 8

primarily involved in grinding.

Answer 8

back teeth

Question 9

Horses spends ___ of their life
grazing

Answer 9

95%

Question 10

they may lose their teeth at

Answer 10

2 or 3 years

Question 11

simple muscular tube

Answer 11

horses esophagus

Question 12

length of horses esophagus

Answer 12

(50 to 60 inches

Question 13

(__% of the capacity of the entire digestive system). Horses stomach

Answer 13

10

Question 14

The
stomach holds only ————– of feedstuffs

Answer 14

7.5 to 15 L (2 to 4 gallons)

Question 15

Horses stomach is only about —
of the total capacity of the digestive tract.

Answer 15

8%

Question 16

The rate of passage of ingested
feed through the stomach is

Answer 16

rapid; usually less than 2 hours.

Question 17

Horses stomach functions well at three
quarters full and dose not do well when empty.

Question 18

The small intestine is about long

Answer 18

21 m (70 ft)

Question 19

The small intestine holds
about

Answer 19

45 L (12 gallons).

Question 20

The rate of passage of ingested feed through the small
intestine is

Answer 20

fairly rapid, from 45 minutes to 8 hours.

Question 21

Digestion and
absorption of some of the minerals and many of the vitamins takes place in the

Answer 21

small intestine.

Question 22

The large intestine includes the

Answer 22

cecum and the
colon.

Question 23

The large intestine comprises about – of the capacity of the digestive
tract.

Answer 23

60%

Question 24

the rate
of passage through the large intestine is

Answer 24

slow, usually 50 to 60 hours.

Question 25

located at the junction of the small intestine and large intestine.

Answer 25

cecum

Question 26

microbes in the cecum and colon synthesize ,

Answer 26

B vitamins

Question 27

The large colon is

Answer 27

12 feet long & 10 inches diameter

Question 28

it is where B- group vitamins, minerals and phosphorus are absorbed.

Answer 28

large colon

Question 29

small colon are

Answer 29

are10 ft long & 4 inches diameter

Question 30

where the fecal balls are formed.

Answer 30

small colon

Question 31

Horses drink ____ of water per day during normal environmental conditions.

Answer 31

37.85 to 45.42 L (10 to 12 gallons)

Question 32

During hot weather or when exercising intensely, horses may require up to ___ that amount as a result of fluids lost through sweating and respiration.

Answer 32

twice

Question 33

Pregnant mares require more water than do nonpregnant mares,

Answer 33

(about 10%)

Question 34

lactating mares require ______ more water.

Answer 34

50% to 75%

Question 35

Of the feed horses eat, ______ converts to energy.

Answer 35

80% to 90%

Question 36

In the diet, digestible energy (DE) is measured in

Answer 36

“megacalories” (Mcal) or “kilocalories” (Kcal).

Question 37

an effective way to monitor the horse’s energy status

Answer 37

body condition scoring system

Question 38

are referred to as soluble or hydrolysable carbohydrates

Answer 38

sugar and starch

Question 39

as insoluble or fermentable carbohydrate.

Answer 39

cellulose

Question 40

should only be given at a minimal amount in horse’s diet.

Answer 40

simple sugars

Question 41

Fat or oil can be added to a grain mix at up to ___ of the concentrate without impairing digestibility of the feed.

Answer 41

10%

Question 42

NRC recommends a dietary minimum for linoleic acid of ___ of dry matter in the diet.

Answer 42

0.5%

Question 43

levels are usually adequate in typical diets fed to horses.

Answer 43

Magnesium and sulfur

Question 44

The B-complex vitamins, except for _____ , are usually supplied in adequate amounts in high quality forage.

Answer 44

vitamin B12

Question 45

mainstay of any horse’s diet.

Answer 45

Hay

Question 46

which has higher protein, three times the calcium and more vitamins than grass hay, is often fed to young, growing horses and lactating broodmares.

Answer 46

Alfalfa hay

Question 47

provide fiber and energy and are the safest horse grain.

Answer 47

Oats

Question 48

does not provide much fiber but provides twice the energy content as the same volume of oats.

Answer 48

Corn

Question 49

Make use of the pasture by grazing the horses when it is

Answer 49

4 to 6 inches tall.

Question 50

Moldy or spoiled feed can cause

Answer 50

colic.

Question 51

are mature, idle horses that are neither pregnant nor lactating.

Answer 51

Maintenance horses

Question 52

For those horses that are more sedentary, the daily energy requirement is

Answer 52

30.3 kcal/kg body weight.

Question 53

Minimum: BW x 1.08g CP/kg BW/day Average: BW x 1.26g CP/kg BW/day Elevated: BW x 1.44g CP/kg BW/day

Question 54

The energy requirement of growing horses is

Answer 54

the total energy required for maintenance plus the energy required for gain.

Question 55

Total daily feed intake by mares (hay plus concentrate) normally ranges from ______, with 2% serving as an average.

Answer 55

1.5% to 3% of bodyweight

Question 56

It is during the ______ that the greatest amount of mineral retention occurs in the unborn foal.

Answer 56

tenth month

Question 57

Mares produce an average of _____ of milk daily during a 5-month lactation period.

Answer 57

11 kg (i.e., 11 L, 24 lb, or 3 gallons)

Question 58

A good recommended range in protein content for a performance horse feed is

Answer 58

10% to 14% crude protein.

Question 59

Horses prefer tepid water from .

Answer 59

7.2° C to 23.9° C (45° F to 75° F)

Question 60

Horses need to consume at least ___ of their body weight per day as roughage

Answer 60

1%

Question 61

Ideally, the temperature of the available water should be between

Answer 61

7° C and 18° C (45° F and 65° F).

Question 62

Disorders of the small intestine

Answer 62

enhancing hindgut fermentation and digestion by:

Question 63

Disorders of large intestine

Answer 63

a. Requires maintenance of horses through enteral nutrition at first b. As soon as the horse is stabilized protein, carbohydrate, and fat should be provided through highly digestible grain sources c. Feed fermentable fibers d. Supplementation of B-complex and K vitamins e. Supplementation of Probiotic f. Omeprazole treatment