module 7: water pollution

Question 1

refers to the contamination of water bodies

Answer 1

Water Pollution

Question 2

The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is a good indicator of water quality and of the kinds of life it will support

Answer 2

Oxygen Levels

Question 2

The most serious water pollutants in terms of human health worldwide.

Answer 2

Pathogenic Organisms

Question 3

Detecting specific pathogens in water is difficult, time-consuming, and costly; thus, water quality control personnel usually analyze water for the presence of

Answer 3

coliform bacteria

Question 3

The main source of these pathogens is

Answer 3

untreated or improperly treated human wastes

Question 4

the amount of dissolved oxygen that must be present in water in order for microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the water

Answer 4

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Question 5

uses a strong oxidizing agent (dichromate ion in 50% sulfuric acid) to completely breakdown all organic matter in a water sample.

Answer 5

Chemical oxygen demand (COD)

Question 6

content directly, using an oxygen electrode

Answer 6

dissolved oxygen (DO)

Question 6

waters that are rich in organisms and organic materials

Answer 6

Eutrophic

Question 7

an increase in nutrient levels and biological productivity

Answer 7

Eutrophication

Question 8

rivers and lakes that have clear water and low biological productivity

Answer 8

Oligotrophic

Question 9

Some toxic inorganic chemicals are released from rocks by weathering, are carried by runoff into lakes or rivers, or percolate into groundwater aquifers.

Answer 9

Inorganic Pollutants

Question 10

they are released as by-products of industrial processes, such as leather tanning, metal smelting and plating, petroleum distillation, and organic chemical synthesis.

Answer 10

Acids and Bases

Question 11

an especially important source of acid water pollution

Answer 11

Coal mining

Question 12

Include drugs, pesticides, and other industrial substance

Answer 12

Organic Pollutants

Question 13

Source reduction

Answer 13

-The most cost-effective way to reduce pollution is to prevent its production or release.
-Removing lead from gasoline has led to a significant decrease in lead levels in U.S. surface waters.
-Proper handling of oil and petroleum products can greatly reduce water pollution.
-Banning DDT and PCBs in the 1970s has resulted in significant reductions in wildlife contamination.
-Recycling and Reclaiming in Industry
-Benefits for Companies and Sewage Treatment Plants
-DENR A.O. 2016-08, also known as the Water Quality –Guidelines and General Effluent Standards.

Question 14

soils contain naturally high concentrations of soluble salts, including toxic selenium and arsenic

Answer 14

Nonmetallic Salts

Question 14

Raising or lowering water temperatures from normal levels can adversely affect water quality and aquatic life

Answer 14

Thermal Pollution

Question 14

The erosion from fields, overgrazed pastures, runoff of fertilizers and pesticides and the waste generated by animals in feedlots are sources of sediment and nutrient pollution

Answer 14

Agricultural Pollution

Question 15

contribute to water pollution through the runoff that occurs from streets parking lots and industrial sites

Answer 15

Urban Runoff

Question 16

This sediment runoff has the potential to cause water pollution during construction activities.

Answer 16

Construction Site Pollution

Question 17

This program targeted Chesapeake Bay for protection and restoration, serving as a successful example of watershed management to improve and preserve water quality.

Answer 17

Chesapeake Bay Watershed Management

Question 18

These systems protected both ecosystem stability and water quality by removing contaminants.

Answer 18

Municipal Sewage Treatment

Question 19

It physically separates large solids from the waste stream.

Answer 19

Primary Treatment

Question 20

Consists of biological degradation of dissolved organic compounds

Answer 20

Secondary Treatment

Question 21

a hybrid between a traditional septic tank and a full sewer system.

Answer 21

Effluent Sewerage

Question 22

can cut secondary treatment cost to one-third of mechanical treatment costs, or less

Answer 22

Constructed wetlands

Question 23

involves heating or boiling water full of dissolved minerals

Answer 23

Distillation

Question 23

the water is passed through fine filters or membranes to screen out dissolved impurities

Answer 23

filtration system

Question 24

means finding remedies for problems

Answer 24

Remediation/Water Remediation

Question 25

confine or restrain dirty water or liquid in situ or cap the surface

Answer 25

Containment methods

Question 26

pump out polluted water so it can be treated

Answer 26

Extraction techniques

Question 27

living organisms used effectively and inexpensively to clean contaminated water

Answer 27

Bioremediation