Module 7: Intelligence & Theories

Question 1

What are the 4 theories of intelligence? Name the theorist, the theory, and the general idea.

Answer 1

Spearman: General Intelligence: the G factor, one factor attributes to intelligence. You have it or you don’t.

Thurnstone: Primary Mental Abilities: 7 intelligences. But, scores vary together.

Sternberg: Triarchic Theory of Intelligence: only 3 factors that attribute to real-world success. All vary together, so is it really just going back to G again?

Gardner: Multiple Intelligences: 7-9 intelligences that are MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE! More than just book smart, but is it intelligence or abilities? Like, is it really intelligence?

Question 2

Describe Crystallized Intelligence vs. Fluid Intelligence

Answer 2

Crystallized: basic facts, basic knowledge, basic abilities. Stay with us as we get older (words, brushing teeth, etc.)

Fluid: Decreases as we get older it decreases (abstract thinking, a new puzzle, reason quickly, fast problem solving, etc.)

Question 3

Describe the basic parts of Behavioral Learning Theory

Answer 3

Operant Conditioning (and classical).
Generalization: same response, similar situations
Discrimination: different response in different situations
Extinction: when response is no longer reinforced so it decreases
Shaping: reinforce when even close to desired behavior, with every step closer, you reinforce the behavior

Question 4

What type(s) of instruction do Behaviorists use?

Answer 4

Direct instruction–lecture, practice, feedback, etc.

Best for basic math, reading, writing skills

Question 5

Explain operant conditioning

Answer 5

Using reinforcements or punishments to get your desired behavior.

positive reinforcement: adding something, makes student happy
negative reinforcement: subtracting something, makes student happy
punishment: adding or subtracting something, makes student sad

Question 6

What are the two parts of the cognitivist learning theory?

Answer 6

1. Information Processing

2. Social Cognitive Learning Theory

Question 7

Explain Information processing (and the 4 parts to it)

Answer 7

1. Sensory Register: 1/2 second to 3 seconds to keep it.
2. Short term: 20-30 seconds to keep it
3. Working memory: work on it, then throw it away or keep it. Avg. of 7 things at once
4. Long-term memory: unlimited, permanent (may have cobwebs on some lol)
   EXPLICIT: can explain, think while we do it. IMPLICIT: may be hard to explain, on autopilot while we do it

Question 8

What instructional strategies do informational-processing cognitive theorists use?

Answer 8

mnemonic devices, attention-getting devices, , concept maps, trivia/jeopardy games, etc.

Question 9

what is meta-cognition and what theory is it a part of? and what are the 2 parts of it?

Answer 9

part of information-processing theory. Metacognition means to think about thinking. 2 parts:

1. metacognition knowledge: what we know about how we think
2. metacognition skills: what we use to achieve a learning goal. Ways we get ourselves to know things (“I know how I learn so I will use flashcards to study for my test”).

Question 10

Explain the social cognitive theory. Who is the main theorist for it? What are the main parts?

Answer 10

Bandura: modeling and copying are essential to learning.

Self-Efficacy: our belief in our ability to succeed

1. it affects: choice of tasks, persistence at tasks, and response to tasks.
2. 4 sources: 1. performance accomplishments, 2. vicarious experiences, 3. verbal persuasion, and 4. emotional arousal

Question 11

What instructional strategies to social cognitive theorists use?

Answer 11

modeling/emulation, reciprocal teaching, reciprocal questioning

Question 12

Explain the humanistic theory. Who is the theorist?

Answer 12

It’s all about the whole child! No bad kids, just bad situations! Maslow is the theorist. He says if there is a need deficiency, it is hard for the child to grow.

Question 13

What instructional strategies to humanists use?

Answer 13

breaks, choices, explain the “WHY,” and check in with students

Question 14

Describe the different types of motivation according to humanists

Answer 14

1. Intrinsic: motivation based on internal factors. What will make me happy/what do I want? Because it’s what I want! “I just felt like doing it/I wanted to do it”
2. Extrinsic: outside of me. this is when I do something for another reason. Ex: someone is giving me a reward, etc. “For every 10 books, I got _____”

GROWTH MINDSET: belief that everyone is capable of learning. Learning/intelligence is not fixed!

Question 15

Describe what constructivist learning theory is (the basics)

Answer 15

Build on prior knowledge. Interaction is key. Piaget & Vygotsky

Question 16

Cognitive Constructivism: Describe how students learn & Name theorist

Answer 16

Piaget:

interactions w/ experiences/hands-on experiences. Real world/authentic learning.

Question 17

Social Constructivism: describe how students learn & Name theorist

Answer 17

Vygotsky:
interactions w/ MKO in ZPD with scaffolding
multiple viewpoints/different angles

Question 18

What instructional strategies do constructivists use?

Answer 18

multiple viewpoints, ZPD, MKO, scaffolding, real-world learning, interactions, project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, spiral curriculum, cooperative/collaborative learning

Question 19

describe cooperative & collaborative learning

Answer 19

COOP: product > process, heterogeneous groups, teacher-led
COLLAB: process > product, homogenous groups, student-led

Randomized SIMS: Scribe, Inquirer, Manager, Speaker

Question 20

What are the 3 additional models to constructivism?

Answer 20

1. Station-Rotation Model: students rotate to stations
2. Lab Rotation Model: students rotate from classroom to computer lab
3. Flex-Model Blended Learning: All students working at their own level, the teacher has breakout sessions with students struggling w/ same thing