Module 3: Social & Emotional Development

Question 1

List Erikson’s first 6 stages of psychosocial development

Answer 1

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20s-early 40s)

Question 2

Bandura’s theory of observational and modeling learning

Answer 2

Attention (pay attention to someone modeling the behavior)
Retention (remember what you observed)
Reproduction (have opportunities to reproduce the behavior you observed)
Motivation (have a desire to replicate the behavior)

Question 3

3 types of observations/demonstrations according to Bandura

Answer 3

1. Live (live demonstration, see it in person)
2. Verbal (described to you verbally)
3. Symbolic (modeled through characters in media)

Question 4

List the levels & Stages of Kohlberg’s moral development theory

Answer 4

Level 1: Pre-Conventional (Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment orientation ; Stage 2: Instrumental orientation)

Level 2: Conventional (Stage 3: Good boy, Nice girl orientation ; Stage 4: Law & Order orientation)

Level 3: Post-Conventional (Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation ; Stage 6: Universal-Ethical-Principle Orientation)

Question 5

What is Carol Gilligan’s perspective/theory

Answer 5

Gilligan has a moral development theory (follows Kohlberg’s pretty closely), but she also established the “care perspective,” where she also looked at more female responses (also called ethics of care theory)

Question 6

List Carol Gilligan’s stages in her ethics of care theory

Answer 6

1. Preconventional (I love myself)
   * transition from selfishness to responsibility for others*
2. Conventional (I love you more than I love myself)
   * transition from goodness (always putting others first) to understanding that I am a person too*
3. Postconventional (I love myself AND I love you)

Question 7

Bandura’s theory is called the _________

Answer 7

Social Learning Theory (SLT)

Question 8

List the social emotional stages & ages

Answer 8

Infants : birth-2
Early Childhood : 2-6
Middle Childhood : 6-10
Adolescence : 11-18

Question 9

List the social-emotional expectations for each stage of social-emotional development

Answer 9

Infant (birth-2): cries to get needs met, pays attention to own name, responds to no, copies simple actions. BY 2: recognize self, plays by self, imitates adults in play, helps put things away

Early childhood (2-6): Toddlers: play NEAR other children, watch other kids, defends possessions, pretend play, simple grp activities. BY 5: chooses own friends, table games, competitive games, cooperative play

Middle Childhood (6-10): more independent from parents, think about future, friendships & teamwork, wants to be liked and accepted, stronger friendships, more aware of own body as puberty starts. Body image!

Adolescence: concern about body image-looks-clothes, focus on selves (back & forth between high expectations & lack of confidence), moodiness, more interest in peers, influenced by peers, less affection toward parents, stress from more challenging schoolwork, romantic relationships/sexuality, may develop sadness/depression