Module 7: Information Theory

Question 1

What is entropy

Answer 1

Measure of uncertainty

Question 2

What is the equation?

Answer 2

delta S = - log2 Pr(X=x). Negative means that if probability increases, amount of info associated with observing the event decreases

Question 3

How many bits of data are required to uniquely identify a single person?

Answer 3

log2(2^33) = 32.9 = 33 bits (8 billion people in the world

Question 4

Why is Information theory, important:

Answer 4

• Tool for identifying people who want to stay anonymous
• Keeps ourselves safe online, avoids tipping off our targets while conducting OSINT
• Finds information about anything, regardless of how little we know to start with

Question 5

How to use?

Answer 5

• Search for unique things about target
• Use their patterns of language
• Combine unconnected facts
• Interactions with social media

Question 6

How to protect us?

Answer 6

Browser fingerprinting, so use Tor, VPN, User Agent switcher (mislead by appearing to be a different OS/Browser combination).

Tails, free, open-source Linux distribution: Anonymous, privacy, leaves no trace, cryptography

Whonix, free, open-source desktop operating system. Security through isolation. Gateway and workstation (which run on separate virtual machines). Compatible with Tor