Module 7 Flashcards
Cation electrolytes examples
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
Anion electrolyte examples
Bicarbonate, chloride, phosphorus
Nonelectrolytes
Solutes with no electrical charge
Glucose
Urea
Isotonic solution
Same concentration as another solution
Normal saline
Lactated ringers solution
D5W (5% dextrose in water)
Hypotonic solutions
Cells will swell
Osmolarity less than serum
Dilutes serum
Hydration
Hypertonic solutions
Cells will shrink
Osmolarity higher than serum
Stabilize blood pressure
Increase urine output
Reduce edema
Rarely used in prehospital setting
Crystalloid solution
Dissolved crystals
Best choice for body fluid replacement
3 to 1 replacement rule
Colloid solutions
Very high Osmolarity
Reduce edema
Oxygen carrying solutions
Best fluid to replace lost blood is whole blood
O negative blood is the universal donor
Synthetic blood substitutes
Microdrip drips per mL
60 drops = 1 mL
Macro drip drips per mL
10,15, or 20 drops = 1 mL
Criteria for choosing IV site
Straightest appearance
Firm, round appearance
Springy when palpated
Avoid joints
Avoid edematous extremities
Avoid extremities with a dialysis fistula
Avoid extremities on the side of a mastectomy
Avoid areas of overlying cellulitis
Infiltration
The escape of fluid
Signs and symptoms include edema at puncture site and patient complains of pain at puncture site
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the vein
Caused by lapses in aseptic technique
S&S include pain/tenderness along the vein and redness/edema at puncture site
Occlusion
Physical blockage of a vein or catheter
S&S - decreased drip rate or blood in the tubing
