Module 7 Flashcards
What is management?
Balancing external and internal influences, the coordination of activities and op people to achieve the organization’s goals.
Which factors give a manager legitimacy to manage?
- Manager may be an owner (right through property ownership)
- Managers in public companies have to by law
- Various types of power
Name the five types of power that can give managers legitimacy to manage
- Expertise power
- Position power
- Political power
- Reward power
- Charisma power
Name the six models of management
- Rational goal models
- Internal process models
- Human relations model
- Motivation models
- Open systems model
- Responsible management models
What is a rational goals model?
These models assume that management is a scientific process that aims to move towards a stated goal. Takes away from the Taylor’s scientific model
What are internal process models?
These are extensions of the scientific models. The two prominent internal process models are:
1. Weber’s bureaucracy
2. Fayol and administrative management
What is fayol’s adminstrative management model?
This management model beleives that management should stick to the core management tasks of planning, organizing, commanding, coordination and controlling.
Name the two human relations models of management
- Follett’s Human relations model
- Mayo’s Human relations model
What is Follett’s human relations model of management?
Follett’s human relations model was critical about the division of labour because it broke up teams, which didn’t put the group over the individual.
What is Mayo’s human relations model of management?
Mayo participated in the hawthorne studies and concluded that social situations and relations influenced performance to a significant degree.
What are motivation models of management?
These are models of management that stress the importance of the individual (Maslow’s pyramid of needs). Motivation lies in goal seeking behaviour and personal achievement.
What are open systems models?
These models believe that management is only understood in the context it operates in. It is a product of interaction with external environment and organizational environment.
What are responsible management models?
This model beliefs management should act responsibly and reduce uncertainty:
1. build up situational leadership because there is no formula to respond to change
2. be flexible by developing communication skills and handling uncertainty.
What is leadership?
Leadership is influencing individual’s performance to get them to perform at higher levels. This is widely considered as the defining element in success.
What are the differences between leadership and management?
- Performance focus vs authority focus
- Internal performance vs balancing resources
- bringing about change vs solving organizational problems
- vision and innovation vs operation of current procedures
- inspiring people vs setting tasks and achieving goals
- Motivation and empowerment vs control
- future vs present
What are some of the most important leadership theories?
- Leadership based on skills and traits
- Leadership based on behaviour and style
- Leadership based on situational/contingency
What is leadership based on traits and skills?
Leaders emerge through their skills. The core skills are technical, conceptual and people skills. Skills can be learned and trained, traits can not be trained.
What is leadership based on behaviour and style?
what do leaders do and how they interact. This theory is based on the Ohio studies and Michigan studies.
What is the Ohio studies?
A leadership study that concluded there are two leadership styles:
1. Considerate; employee well-being, build respect and rapport
2. Initiating structure: get job done, goal attained.
This study believes it is best to be high on both.
What does the managerial grid system believe?
This matrix believes that a leader’s success depends on his people and production concern. Leaders are most effective when both those concerns are high.
What are the factors of the MIchigan studies?
- Employee/relationship orientated
- Task orientated
What are the factors in Fiedler’s contingency theory?
- Leader’s preferred style
- Leader-number relations
- Task structure (routine/complex)
- Leader position power
What is the path-goal model?
A model believing that leaders should assiste employees to learn appropriate types of behaviour. Different types:
1. Directive (specific guidance and targets)
2. Supportive (concerns and friendliness)
3. achievement oriented (provide challenging goals)
4. participate (ask group for views and ideas)
This model beliefs that the appropriate style is context dependent.
What is transactional and transformational leadership?
Transactional leadership is often regarded as management because it concerns itself with what is expected of employees against what rewards.
Transformational leadership is best for uncertainty and change. Leader motivates his followers to perform better.
