Module 7

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

asymmetric control over valued resources in social relations

Question 2

Status

Answer 2

the extent to which the actor is respected or admired by others

Question 3

Similarities power and status

Answer 3

• Relational
• Bases for hierarchical differentiation
• Can refer to intra- and inter-group context

Question 4

Differences power and status

Answer 4

• Property of target actor vs. other actors’ perception
• Relatively objective vs. subjective and perceptual

Question 5

Coercive power

Answer 5

• Based on fear of the negative results from failing to comply

Question 6

Reward power

Answer 6

• Based on the ability to distribute rewards that others view as valuable

Question 7

Legitimate power

Answer 7

Based on his/her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization

Question 8

Expert power

Answer 8

• Based on special skills or knowledge

Question 9

Referent power

Answer 9

• Based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits

Question 10

Power bases

Answer 10

• Coercive power > formal
• Reward power > formal
• Legitimate power > formal
• Expert power > personal
• Referent power > personal

Question 11

Hierarchy

Answer 11

• a system in which people are put at ranks according to their importance
• an implicit or explicit rank order of individuals (or groups) with respect to a valued social mission

Question 12

Formal hierarchy

Answer 12

based on formal aspects (job titles)

Question 13

Informal hierarchy

Answer 13

based on valued social dimensions within a context

Question 14

Functions of hierarchy

Answer 14

• Social order and coordination
• Individual incentives

Question 15

Consequence of hierarchies for teams

Answer 15

• Coordination-related processes: positive effect
• Conflict-related processes: negative effect

Question 16

Coordination-related processes

Answer 16

• Clear expectations about norms, roles, and expected behaviors
• Guidelines for resource allocation
  > Not much support was found

Question 17

Conflict-related processes

Answer 17

• People in different ranks develop opposing interests and perspectives
• Invites power struggles to climb in rank
   Support was found

Question 18

Power has an impact on social attentiveness.

Answer 18

• Focus of attention: increased egocentricity
• Selective of attention: instrumentality

Question 19

Psychological & behavioral consequences of power lead power holders to more likely claim new and hold onto existing resources

Answer 19

• Information processing and perception (e.g., reduced perspective taking, seeing others more likely to the extent they are instrumentally useful)
• Group participation and influence (e.g., more speaking time, express opnions)
• Confidence and action (e.g., fueled by optimism and control)

Question 20

Expectancy confirmation

Answer 20

status determines how others evaluate the behavior of an actor

Question 21

Behavioral confirmation

Answer 21

others treat actors in a way that elicits expectancy conforming behavior

Question 22

Backlash

Answer 22

normative beliefs about the acceptable behavior associated with certain status positions and sanctions against those who disconfirm these expectations