Module 6.1 - Scientist-practitioner model & evidence based practice Flashcards
What are two criticisms of the scientist-practitioner model
Model is aspirational and not clear how it applies to multiple workplaces
Not all people will be involved in clinical practice & research
What does the scientist-practitioner model rely upon
the premise that individuals should both utilise and produce scientific research, and that this research should in turn inform their practice.
Does APAC mandate the scientist-practitioner model in education
Yes
What skills are related to the scientist-practitioner model
core research-related skills (i.e., critical thinking, higher-order skills)
pre-clinical
clinical skills
What is evidence based practice
The integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of the client (culture and preferences)
What 3 components make up evidence based practice
The best external research evidence
The practitioner’s tacit and explicit knowledge, expertise and experience
The client’s characteristics, values, presentation and preferences
What is the difference between evidence based practice and evidence based treatment
EBP starts with the client instead of with a treatment for the particular types of disorders
In what context does evidence based practice occur
Within the environment of the organisation you are working for
What is the six step process for EBP?
- Assessing the patient
- Ask the right question
- Access the evidence
- Appraise the evidence
- Apply the evidence
- Audit clinical practice
What is the hierarchy of evidence?
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- Randomised Control Trials
- Cohort studies
- Case controls studies
- Case series
- Case reports
- Ideas, editorials, opinions
- Animal research
- In vitro research
In randomised control trials, what types of significance are required?
Statistical and clinical
In randomised control trials, what is the miminum effect size
Cohen’s D of 0.3 - 0.6
What determines if an intervention is evidence-based
RCTs that are then systmetically reviewed (Cochrane reviews)
What are the review bodies?
- Cochrane Collaboration and the National Institute for Clinical Evidence (NICE) in the UK;
- the Australian Psychological Society in Australia; and
- the World Health Organisation, globally.
In what terms are cochrane reviews presented
PICO - Participants, Interventions, Comparisons and Outcomes
What are NICE standards?
short, evidence-based statements to help health practitioners deliver quality improvements in practice
What are Healy’s criticisms of EBP?
- ghost writing by BigPharma
- lack of access to data
- bias towards publishing only positive research results
- some interventions may receive greater funding support (e.g. psycho-pharmacology versus psychotherapy)
- due to the many exclusion criteria, random controlled trails are based on specific experimental groups and may lack ecological validity.
What is the Dodo bird verdict?
the effect size of evidence has little to do with model of treatment, and is from the common factor of all treatments, the therapeutic alliance
What is the finding of Moriana et al (2017)
most structured psychotherapies are fairly equivalent in terms of their effectiveness and that certain factors, such as patient characteristics, therapist characteristics and therapeutic rapport, contribute to the change more than the psychotherapy practiced.
