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Exploring Creation with Biology > Module #6: The Cell > Flashcards

Module #6: The Cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Absorption

A

The transport of dissolved substances into cells

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2
Q

Digestion

A

The breakdown of absorbed substances

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3
Q

Respiration

A

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy

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4
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of soluble waste materials

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5
Q

Egestion

A

The removal of nonsoluble waste materials

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6
Q

Secretion

A

The release of biosynthesized substances

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining the status quo

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Producing more cells

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9
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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10
Q

Cell Wall

A

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells.

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11
Q

Middle lamella

A

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

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12
Q

Plasma membrane

A

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings.

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

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14
Q

Ions

A

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons.

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15
Q

Cytoplasmic streaming

A

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents.

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.

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17
Q

Lysosome

A

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reaction that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids

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18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis

19
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell

20
Q

Rough ER

A

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

21
Q

Smooth ER

A

ER that has no ribosomes

22
Q

Leucoplasts

A

Organelles that store starches or oils

23
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis

24
Q

Central Vacuole

A

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes

25
Q

Waste vacuoles

A

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion

26
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells

27
Q

Phagocytic vacuole

A

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs

28
Q

Pinocytic vesicle

A

A Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules

29
Q

Secretion vesicle

A

A vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released

30
Q

Golgi bodies

A

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell

31
Q

Microtubules

A

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

32
Q

Chromatin

A

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

33
Q

Microfilaments

A

Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton

34
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Threadlike proteins in the cell’s cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments

35
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group.

36
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion

37
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion ) aided by a process that required energy

38
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution

39
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

40
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to lack of water

41
Q

Cytolysis

A

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure

42
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution in which the concentrations of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

43
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

44
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Exploring Creation with Biology (8 decks)

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