Module #13: Phylum Chordata Flashcards

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1
Q

Notochord

A

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of it’s support

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2
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

A

Contains creatures that have notochords through the larva stage, but then they disappear

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3
Q

Subphylum Cephelochordata

A

Contains creatures with notochords through their entire lives

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4
Q

Vertebrat

A

Contains creatures that have notochords during early development, but it turns into a true backbone before the animal is born or hatched

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5
Q

Vertebrae

A

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

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6
Q

Endoskeleton

A

A skeleton on the inside of a creature’s body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

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7
Q

Bone marrow

A

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

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8
Q

Axial skeleton

A

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

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9
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

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10
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

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11
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gasses and nutrients between the blood vessels and the cells of the body

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13
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

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14
Q

Olfactory lobes

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

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15
Q

Cerebrum

A

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

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16
Q

Optic lobes

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

17
Q

Cerebellum

A

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

18
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

19
Q

Internal fertilization

A

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

20
Q

External fertilization

A

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

21
Q

Oviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body

22
Q

Ovoviviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

23
Q

Viviparous development

A

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

24
Q

Anadromous

A

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

25
Q

Bile

A

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aid in the breakdown of fat

26
Q

Atrium

A

A heart chamber that receives blood

27
Q

Ventricle

A

A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out

28
Q

Ectothermic

A

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

29
Q

Hibernation

A

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures

30
Q

Six amphibious common characteristics

A

Endoskeleton typically made of bone, smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments, two pairs of limbs with webbed feet, as many as four organs for respiration, three chambered heart, oviparous with external fertilization