Module #13: Phylum Chordata

Question 1

Notochord

Answer 1

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of it’s support

Question 2

Subphylum Urochordata

Answer 2

Contains creatures that have notochords through the larva stage, but then they disappear

Question 3

Subphylum Cephelochordata

Answer 3

Contains creatures with notochords through their entire lives

Question 4

Vertebrat

Answer 4

Contains creatures that have notochords during early development, but it turns into a true backbone before the animal is born or hatched

Question 5

Vertebrae

Answer 5

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

Question 6

Endoskeleton

Answer 6

A skeleton on the inside of a creature’s body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

Question 7

Bone marrow

Answer 7

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

Question 8

Axial skeleton

Answer 8

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

Question 9

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 9

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

Question 10

Closed circulatory system

Answer 10

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 12

Capillaries

Answer 12

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gasses and nutrients between the blood vessels and the cells of the body

Question 13

Veins

Answer 13

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Question 14

Olfactory lobes

Answer 14

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

Question 16

Optic lobes

Answer 16

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

Question 17

Cerebellum

Answer 17

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

Question 18

Medulla oblongata

Answer 18

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Question 19

Internal fertilization

Answer 19

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

Question 20

External fertilization

Answer 20

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

Question 21

Oviparous development

Answer 21

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body

Question 22

Ovoviviparous development

Answer 22

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

Question 23

Viviparous development

Answer 23

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

Question 24

Anadromous

Answer 24

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

Question 25

Bile

Answer 25

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aid in the breakdown of fat

Question 26

Atrium

Answer 26

A heart chamber that receives blood

Question 27

Ventricle

Answer 27

A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out

Question 28

Ectothermic

Answer 28

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

Question 29

Hibernation

Answer 29

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures

Question 30

Six amphibious common characteristics

Answer 30

Endoskeleton typically made of bone, smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments, two pairs of limbs with webbed feet, as many as four organs for respiration, three chambered heart, oviparous with external fertilization